From Line to Point Spread Function: The General Case

Marchand, Erich W.

doi:10.1364/josa.55.000352

Cited by 44 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…10 can be used to compute the fundal illuminance from extended one-dimensional intensity patterns by convolution, or from two-dimensional patterns by first deriving a pointspread function from each curve (Marchand, 1965) and performing the convolution with this point-spread function. For simple targets, the fundal image may be found more easily by multiplying the spatial frequency content of the target with the modulation transfer function of the eye, and then obtaining the inverse Fourier transform (Linfoot, 1964) of this product.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical quality of the human eye

Campbell¹,

Gubisch²

1966

The Journal of Physiology

743

348

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical quality of the human eye

Campbell¹,

Gubisch²

1966

The Journal of Physiology

743

348

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Pointspread functions. It is possible to synthesize a pointspread function by making measurements for several orientations of a line image and using two-dimensional Fourier analysis (Marchand, 1965). Using an image rotator, a series of aerial linespreads for six eyes was measured to determine actual radial imaging properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only when no artificial pupils were employed was scatter seen to extend past 20. Marchand (1965) points out that if the linespread functions for several orientations of a line are known, a mathematical approximation of the light distribution within the image of a point (pointspread function, PSF) is made possible without assuming aplanatism. The MTF computed from a linespread can be used, with 2-dimensional Fourier analysis, to describe the spread of a point image along an axis normal to the orientation of the line.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical quality of the living cat eye

Bonds¹

1974

The Journal of Physiology

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4. The state of focus of the optical system, the pupil size and the angle of the light incident on the eye were all varied to determine their effect on image quality.5. By using an image rotator, the aerial linespread was measured for several orientations of the line; these measurements yielded an approximation of the two-dimensional pointspread completely characterizing the optical system. 6. Evidence is reviewed to show that the optical resolution of the cat, albeit some 3-5 times worse than that of human, appears to be better than the neural resolution of its retina and its visual system as a whole.

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“…14 Although it is impractical to measure the LSF at all angles, we propose that a good estimate of the PSF can be achieved through the appropriate combination of a reasonable number of finely sampled LSF measurements and 2D interpolation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the two‐dimensional presampled modulation transfer function of digital radiography devices using one‐dimensional test objects

Wells

Dobbins

2012

Medical Physics

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Purpose:The modulation transfer function (MTF) of medical imaging devices is commonly reported in the form of orthogonal one-dimensional (1D) measurements made near the vertical and horizontal axes with a slit or edge test device. A more complete description is found by measuring the two-dimensional (2D) MTF. Some 2D test devices have been proposed, but there are some issues associated with their use: (1) they are not generally available; (2) they may require many images; (3) the results may have diminished accuracy; and (4) their implementation may be particularly cumbersome. This current work proposes the application of commonly available 1D test devices for practical and accurate estimation of the 2D presampled MTF of digital imaging systems. Methods: Theory was developed and applied to ensure adequate fine sampling of the system line spread function for 1D test devices at orientations other than approximately vertical and horizontal.Methods were also derived and tested for slit nonuniformity correction at arbitrary angle. Techniques were validated with experimental measurements at ten angles using an edge test object and three angles using a slit test device on an indirect-detection flat-panel system [GE Revolution XQ/i (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI)]. The 2D MTF was estimated through a simple surface fit with interpolation based on Delaunay triangulation of the 1D edge-based MTF measurements. Validation by synthesis was also performed with simulated images from a hypothetical direct-detection flat-panel device. Results: The 2D MTF derived from physical measurements yielded an average relative precision error of 0.26% for frequencies below the cutoff (2.5 mm −1 ) and approximate circular symmetry at frequencies below 4 mm −1 . While slit analysis generally agreed with the results of edge analysis, the two showed subtle differences at frequencies above 4 mm −1 . Slit measurement near 45• revealed radial asymmetry in the MTF resulting from the square pixel aperture (0.2 mm × 0.2 mm), a characteristic which was not necessarily appreciated with the orthogonal 1D MTF measurements. In simulation experiments, both slit-and edge-based measurements resolved the radial asymmetries in the 2D MTF. The average absolute relative accuracy error in the 2D MTF between the DC and cutoff (2.5 mm −1 ) frequencies was 0.13% with average relative precision error of 0.11%. Other simulation results were similar to those derived from physical data. Conclusions: Overall, the general availability, acceptance, accuracy, and ease of implementation of 1D test devices for MTF assessment make this a valuable technique for 2D MTF estimation.

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From Line to Point Spread Function: The General Case

Cited by 44 publications

References 1 publication

Optical quality of the human eye

Optical quality of the human eye

Optical quality of the living cat eye

Estimation of the two‐dimensional presampled modulation transfer function of digital radiography devices using one‐dimensional test objects

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