From libraries to ‘libratories’

Abstract

While the eighties of the last century were a time of local automation for libraries and the nineties the decade in which libraries embraced the Internet and the Web, now is the age in which the big search engines and institutional repositories are gaining a firm footing. This heralds a new era in both the evolution of scholarly communication and its agencies themselves, i.e. the libraries. Until now libraries and publishers have developed a digital variant of existing processes and products, i.e. catalogues posted on the Web, scanned copies of articles, e–mail notification about acquisitions or expired lending periods, or traditional journals in a digital jacket. However, the new OAI repositories and services based upon them have given rise to entirely new processes and products, libraries transforming themselves into partners in setting up virtual learning environments, building an institution’s digital showcase, maintaining academics’ personal Web sites, designing refereed portals and — further into the future — taking part in organising virtual research environments or collaboratories. Libraries are set to metamorphose into ‘libratories’, an imaginary word to express their combined functions of library, repository and collaboratory. In such environments scholarly communication will be liberated from its current copyright bridle while its coverage will be both broader — including primary data, audiovisuals and dynamic models — and deeper, with cross–disciplinary analyses of methodologies and applications of instruments. Universities will make it compulsory to store in their institutional repositories the results of research conducted within their walls for purposes of academic reporting, review committees, and other modes of clarification and explanation. Big search engines will provide access to this profusion of information and organise its mass customization.

Aluminum Dialkyl Phosphinate Flame Retardants and Their Hydrolysates: Analytical Method and Occurrence in Soil and Sediment Samples from a Manufacturing Site

“…It is well-known that hydrophobic chemicals commonly showed positive correlation with the TOC contents in soil and sediment samples. 19 However, ADPs showed special physicochemical characteristics that are neither hydrophilic nor liophilic, 20 thus their contents are not in positive correlation with the TOC contents.…”

“…It was estimated that the logK OW of ADEP was −0.44, 19 and the water solubility given by National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme (NICNAS) was less than 1 mg/L, 20 suggesting that ADPs are both hydrophobic and oleophobic. Therefore, we speculated that soils and sediments are one of the main pools of ADPs in the environment.…”

The Dutch Approach to Achieving Open Access

“…17 Another remark concerns the fact that all our efforts, including the negotiations with the bigger publishers, are part of the transition to open access. Waaijers 18 concluded, based on the recently published contracts, that the Netherlands should continue with the offsetting deals, because they seem more favourable than any other approach.…”