From large to small: Reorienting rural development policies in response to climate change, food security and poverty

Pokorny, Benno; Jong, W. de; Godar, Javier; Pacheco, Pablo; Johnson, James A.

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2013.02.009

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The combined effects of deforestation and forest degradation threaten the maintenance of critical ecosystem services, including carbon storage and sequestration and the conservation of hydrological cycles, as well as the protection of globally significant biodiversity (2,3). Much of the land already cleared for farming is poorly used (4), and despite the economic growth often associated with converting forests to farmland, many inhabitants of the Amazon continue to live in poverty (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Actor-specific contributions to the deforestation slowdown in the Brazilian Amazon

Godar

Gardner

Tizado

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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219

137

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Significance The Brazilian Amazon is at a critical juncture after the recent stabilization of deforestation rates. Identifying opportunities for continued deforestation reductions requires an understanding of the contribution of different actors to overall deforestation. We provide the first such assessment, to our knowledge, that reports on two headline findings. First, between 2004 and 2011, areas dominated by properties larger than 500 ha accounted for 48% of the deforestation compared with only 12% for smallholders (<100 ha). Second, the deforestation share attributed to the largest properties (≥2,500 ha) declined by 63% from a peak in 2005, whereas that of smallholders increased by 69%. Further reductions in deforestation are likely to require a shift toward more incentive-based policies that are tailored toward different actors.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Actor-specific contributions to the deforestation slowdown in the Brazilian Amazon

Godar

Gardner

Tizado

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

219

137

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In recent years, the smart family fruit farms became more and more important for the rural economy by increasing the efficient use of local resources, by offering social security and comfort and by reducing the environmental fruit finger print [7]. Smallholder fruit farmers are extremely important for the economy of the agriculture and food sectors in many countries [8].…”

Section: Family Fruit Farms Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Exploitation of Local Fruit Resources Through Sustainable Production and High Added Value Processing

Stănică¹

2017

KLS

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Fruit production in Europe has a dual system organization: an industrial type with high density planting systems in large extension farms and a small size orchard type in family owned farms. Certainly, the two systems are quite different in terms of fruit varieties, planting systems, orchard management and fruit production valorisation.In recent years, the smart family fruit farms became more and more important for the rural economy by increasing the efficient use of local resources, by offering social security and comfort and by reducing the environmental fruit finger print.Besides the already existing orchards, new ones are planted with trees produced using local species and varieties, better adapted to soil and climate conditions, grafted on resistant rootstocks. Low input orchard technologies, organic fertilization and integrated pest management are generally used. Natural windbreaks and shelters, grass soil cover management are generalized in order to ensure a higher biodiversity and the protection of wild life. Local fruits are produced in many cases under registered Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), and Traditional Specialties Guaranteed (TSG). Those insure the product authenticity, a quality control system and a better marketing. Fruits are sold fresh on the local markets and in modern distribution network but also processed in the farm or in cooperative processing units. Special products are obtained following traditional recipes, some of the being sugar free, rich in vitamins, active principles and considered functional food.Continuous science and technology development brings innovation also in orchard technologies in European small fruit farms aiming to maintain their sustainability and competitiveness, by producing top quality fruits, with nearly to zero residues and no environmental negative impact. The European model of small smart fruit farms could be introduced and tested to Indonesian condition.

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“…Indeed, as noted by different authors, the softening of restrictions on the amount of land that landholders are legally allowed to deforest under the Forest Code was a clear reflection of the lack of law enforcement in Brazil [4,89,93,[110][111][112][113]. Other criticisms of PES initiatives in the Amazon include its limitations in terms of scope, outcomes and cost-effectiveness when compared to opportunity costs of actual land uses [103,[114][115][116][117]. These are also reasons why some proponents of the initiatives analyzed here, such as the Sustainable Landscapes Program, opted to not include PES as a strategy for benefit-sharing.…”

Section: Payments For Ecosystems Services (Pes) and Access To Financimentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Rewards and Punishments in the Brazilian Amazon: Practical Implications of the REDD+ Discourse

Gebara

Agrawal

2017

Forests

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Abstract:Through different policies and measures reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation and enhancing conservation (REDD+) has grown into a way to induce behavior change of forest managers and landowners in tropical countries. We argue that debates around REDD+ in Brazil have typically highlighted rewards and punishments, obscuring other core interventions and strategies that are also critically important to reach the goal of reducing deforestation, supporting livelihoods, and promoting conservation (i.e., technology transfer and capacity building). We adopt Foucault's concepts of governmentality and technologies of governance to provide a reading of the REDD+ discourse in Brazil and to offer an historical genealogy of the rewards and punishments approach. By analyzing practical elements from REDD+ implementation in the Brazilian Amazon, our research provides insights on the different dimensions in which smallholders react to rewards and punishments. In doing so, we add to the debate on governmentality, supplementing its focus on rationalities of governance with attention to the social practices in which such rationalities are embedded. Our research also suggests that the techniques of remuneration and coercion on which a rewards and punishments approach relies are only supporting limited behavioral changes on the ground, generating negative adaptations of deforestation practices, reducing positive feedbacks and, perhaps as importantly, producing only short-term outcomes at the expense of positive long-term land use changes. Furthermore, the approach ignores local heterogeneities and the differences between the agents engaging in forest clearing in the Amazon. The practical elements of the REDD+ discourse in Brazil suggest the rewards and punishments approach profoundly limits our understanding of human behavior by reducing the complex and multi-dimensional to a linear and rational simplicity. Such simplification leads to an underestimation of smallholders' capacity to play a key role in climate mitigation and adaptation. We conclude by highlighting the importance of looking at local heterogeneities and capacities and the need to promote trust, altruism and responsibility towards others and future generations.

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From large to small: Reorienting rural development policies in response to climate change, food security and poverty

Cited by 47 publications

References 53 publications

Actor-specific contributions to the deforestation slowdown in the Brazilian Amazon

Actor-specific contributions to the deforestation slowdown in the Brazilian Amazon

Efficient Exploitation of Local Fruit Resources Through Sustainable Production and High Added Value Processing

Beyond Rewards and Punishments in the Brazilian Amazon: Practical Implications of the REDD+ Discourse

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