From Lab to Life: Exploring Cutting-Edge Models for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Tanaka, Masaru; Vécsei, László

doi:10.3390/biomedicines12030613

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Integrating these interdisciplinary approaches further adds impetus and optimizes strategies, including drug development research, leading to the testing and assessment of potential lead compounds. These outcomes enable researchers to evaluate the effects of novel interventional approaches such as drug-assisted brain stimulation [ 106 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 ]. These methods demonstrate promise for the development of new and more effective treatments, including novel drugs [ 215 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of C-3 Side Chain Modifications on Kynurenic Acid: A Behavioral Analysis of Its Analogs in the Motor Domain

Martos,

Lőrinczi,

Szatmári

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The central nervous system (CNS) is the final frontier in drug delivery because of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which poses significant barriers to the access of most drugs to their targets. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan (Trp) metabolite, plays an important role in behavioral functions, and abnormal KYNA levels have been observed in neuropsychiatric conditions. The current challenge lies in delivering KYNA to the CNS owing to its polar side chain. Recently, C-3 side chain-modified KYNA analogs have been shown to cross the BBB; however, it is unclear whether they retain the biological functions of the parent molecule. This study examined the impact of KYNA analogs, specifically, SZR-72, SZR-104, and the newly developed SZRG-21, on behavior. The analogs were administered intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.), and their effects on the motor domain were compared with those of KYNA. Specifically, open-field (OF) and rotarod (RR) tests were employed to assess motor activity and skills. SZR-104 increased horizontal exploratory activity in the OF test at a dose of 0.04 μmol/4 μL, while SZR-72 decreased vertical activity at doses of 0.04 and 0.1 μmol/4 μL. In the RR test, however, neither KYNA nor its analogs showed any significant differences in motor skills at either dose. Side chain modification affects affective motor performance and exploratory behavior, as the results show for the first time. In this study, we showed that KYNA analogs alter emotional components such as motor-associated curiosity and emotions. Consequently, drug design necessitates the development of precise strategies to traverse the BBB while paying close attention to modifications in their effects on behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of C-3 Side Chain Modifications on Kynurenic Acid: A Behavioral Analysis of Its Analogs in the Motor Domain

Martos,

Lőrinczi,

Szatmári

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, intensity- and duration-dependent effects on tDCS have been observed. This may explain the disagreement regarding the relationships between current intensity and induced after-effects of tDCS in monotonic or non-monotonic manners [ 37 , 139 ], which need to be clarified to improve the understanding of the involvement of a specific brain area in the examined clinical or behavioral outcomes [ 140 , 141 ].…”

Section: Final Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Optimized Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Based on Spatial Electric Field Modeling in Humans

Gomez-Tames,

Fernández-Corazza

2024

JCM

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Background: Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) generates an electric field (or current density) in the brain through surface electrodes attached to the scalp. Clinical significance has been demonstrated, although with moderate and heterogeneous results partly due to a lack of control of the delivered electric currents. In the last decade, computational electric field analysis has allowed the estimation and optimization of the electric field using accurate anatomical head models. This review examines recent tES computational studies, providing a comprehensive background on the technical aspects of adopting computational electric field analysis as a standardized procedure in medical applications. Methods: Specific search strategies were designed to retrieve papers from the Web of Science database. The papers were initially screened based on the soundness of the title and abstract and then on their full contents, resulting in a total of 57 studies. Results: Recent trends were identified in individual- and population-level analysis of the electric field, including head models from non-neurotypical individuals. Advanced optimization techniques that allow a high degree of control with the required focality and direction of the electric field were also summarized. There is also growing evidence of a correlation between the computationally estimated electric field and the observed responses in real experiments. Conclusion: Computational pipelines and optimization algorithms have reached a degree of maturity that provides a rationale to improve tES experimental design and a posteriori analysis of the responses for supporting clinical studies.

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“…In our quest to break barriers and unveil unknowns, we also delve into the realm of mental health, exploring the biochemical basis of suicidal thoughts and the relationship between mental illness and pain. Whether you are a clinician, researcher, or simply curious about the complexities of the human mind, this collection of articles promises to challenge conventional wisdom and expand your horizons [58][59][60]. Join us in commemorating ten years of groundbreaking exploration and advancement in the realm of biomedicine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decade of Dedication: Pioneering Perspectives on Neurological Diseases and Mental Illnesses

Tanaka,

Vécsei

2024

Biomedicines

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From Lab to Life: Exploring Cutting-Edge Models for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders

Abstract: Neuroscience, neurology, and psychiatry are rapidly evolving fields that aim to understand the complex mechanisms underlying brain function and dysfunction, as well as to develop effective interventions for various neurological and psychiatric disorders [...]

Cited by 7 publications

References 107 publications

The Impact of C-3 Side Chain Modifications on Kynurenic Acid: A Behavioral Analysis of Its Analogs in the Motor Domain

The Impact of C-3 Side Chain Modifications on Kynurenic Acid: A Behavioral Analysis of Its Analogs in the Motor Domain

Perspectives on Optimized Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Based on Spatial Electric Field Modeling in Humans

A Decade of Dedication: Pioneering Perspectives on Neurological Diseases and Mental Illnesses

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