From inflammatory bowel disease to colorectal cancer: what’s the role of miRNAs?

Abstract

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with relapse and remission periods. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are two major forms of the disease. IBD imposes a lot of sufferings on the patient and has many consequences; however, the most important is the increased risk of colorectal cancer, especially in patients with Ulcerative colitis. This risk is increased with increasing the duration of disease, thus preventing the progression of IBD to cancer is very important. Therefore, it is necessary to know the details of events contributed to the progression of IBD to cancer. In recent years, the importance of miRNAs as small molecules with 20–22 nucleotides has been recognized in pathophysiology of many diseases, in which IBD and colorectal cancer have not been excluded. As a result, the effectiveness of these small molecules as therapeutic target is hopefully confirmed. This paper has reviewed the related studies and findings about the role of miRNAs in the course of events that promote the progression of IBD to colorectal carcinoma, as well as a review about the effectiveness of some of these miRNAs as therapeutic targets.

Advances in the protection of intestinal mucosal barrier function by milk-derived miRNAs

“…Specific miRNAs are expected to be early screening markers, prognostic monitoring indicators, and targeted therapeutic agents for intestinal diseases. 5,6…”

“…Specific miRNAs are expected to be early screening markers, prognostic monitoring indicators, and targeted therapeutic agents for intestinal diseases. 5,6 Milk is a natural food rich in nutrients, has high biological value, and has specific health effects. Previous studies have demonstrated that secretory immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, lysozymes, and lactoferrin, abundant in bovine milk, can effectively maintain the functional homeostasis of the intestinal mucosal barrier of the body.…”

MicroRNAs and Periodontal Disease: Helpful Therapeutic Targets?

“…However, M2MΦ (alternative activation state) is generally produced in the course of resolving inflammation and tissue regeneration, and has potent anti-inflammatory effects. 11 , 58 GM-CSF causes induction of formation of MIMΦ or inflammatory macrophages. However, M-CSF causes stimulation of formation of M2MΦ or anti-inflammatory macrophages.…”

VDR Immunohistochemistry Expression Is Down-Regulated in Colorectal Cells of Patients with IBD and Could Rank the Patients According to Their Complications Risk

“…The major complication of IBD is colitis-associated cancer (CAC). With the function of cytokines produced during chronic inflammatory response and their associated signaling pathways, the susceptible cell survives apoptosis and goes from dysplasia to CRC [3].…”