From indoor exposure to inhaled particle deposition: A multiphase journey of inhaled particles

Inthavong, Kiao

doi:10.1007/s42757-019-0046-6

Cited by 42 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Smaller droplets could be inhaled and deposited much more easily into humans' nasal cavities owing to their dynamic properties (Inthavong, 2020), and could thereby increase the exposure risk to seated passengers. Small size and intermediate size groups of the released particles were quantitatively studied further, as displayed in Figure 10, showing the influence of cough jets on the particle deposition fraction in all three cases.…”

Section: Particle Transport Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of COVID-19 virus by cough-induced particles in an airliner cabin section

Yan

Fang

et al. 2021

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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With airborne transmissions found as one of the major transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, its transmission in airliner cabin environments drew special attention due to high number of imported cases and in-cabin transmissions. This study numerically investigated the transmission of COVID-19 by cough-induced particles in a cabin section of Boeing 737 model. One passenger was coughing in each case, while cough particles with measured size distributions were released during coughs and were tracked using the Lagrangian framework. Outcomes revealed that cough flow released by passengers could develop rapidly into a strong turbulent cough jet, breaking up the local airflow field. The released cough particles were largely dominated by the cough jet within 5 s, especially the first 1.5 s. Deposition of particles under 100 µm were relatively delayed when released from a window-seat location. Small particles (under 50 µm) released by a window-seat passenger were more likely to spread widely in the studied cabin section, which could lead to the highest exposure risks to nearby passengers. Also, due to ventilation design and seating arrangement, cough particles released by the middle-seat passenger were found easily trapped in his/her own local environment. Cough particles released from aisle-seat passengers had the least exposure risk to adjacent passengers.

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Section: Particle Transport Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of COVID-19 virus by cough-induced particles in an airliner cabin section

Yan

Fang

et al. 2021

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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“…A parametric study applying different combinations of aerosol delivery can be performed efficiently using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), by modelling air and particle flow through the sinonasal tract. The technique has provided reproducible and detailed data leading to clinically relevant outcomes (Lee et al, 2016;Sanmiguel-Rojas et al, 2018;Inthavong, 2020). CFD simulations have offered detailed insight into the cause of sprayed particle deposition in the anterior nasal cavity due to high particle inertia (Chen et al, 2010;Inthavong et al, 2011;Frank et al, 2012).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimising Aerosol Delivery for Maxillary Sinus Deposition in a Post-FESS Sinonasal Cavities

Vahaji

Shang

Zhang

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Optimal management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) endotypes includes post-operative application of topical formulations. There is little evidence regarding the ideal aerosol delivery characteristics and techniques to achieve the most efficient deposition on affected sinus mucosa. Nebulisers provide an alternative to nasal sprays by producing smaller particle sizes at lower velocities. We applied a reverse-particle-tracking simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to evaluate the ideal aerosol characteristics from a nebuliser to target the post-operative maxillary sinus mucosa. A CT scan of a CRS patient was used to create a pre-operative and virtual post-operative model. Particles of diameter 2 to 30 μm were tracked through the sinonasal cavity at 5,10 and 15 L min -1 flow rates using CFD. Reverse particle simulations demonstrated that the optimised combination of parameters were 20 μm particles, delivered at 5 m s -1 (or 14 microns, delivered at 15 m s -1 ) at an inhalation rate of 5 L min -1 , released from a nozzle in an elliptical oblique-superior direction into the superior half of the nasal valve significantly improved the maximum deposition efficiency (from 3% up to 55%) in the post-operative maxillary sinus mucosa. The nebulised spray (without optimisation) demonstrated negligible particle deposition within the sinuses of the pre-op model, while it increased marginally in the post-op model for smaller diameter particles at lower inhalation rates. The ideal combination of parameters to achieve targeted medication deposition on specific sinus mucosal surfaces can guide the development of new nasal drug delivery devices that produce the desired deposition regions for clinical applications in postoperative CRS patients.

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“…They demonstrated that the virus-laden droplets expelled during human speech can significantly disperse, and they discussed the possibility of infection spread due to asymptomatic patients. The basic mechanisms of inhalation of airborne particles and particle deposition in the respiratory airway were summarized in a review article by Inthavong (2020) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational investigation of prolonged airborne dispersion of novel coronavirus-laden droplets

Yamakawa

Kitagawa

Ogura

et al. 2021

Journal of Aerosol Science

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We have performed highly accurate numerical simulations to investigate prolonged dispersion of novel coronavirus-laden droplets in classroom air. Approximately 10,900 virus-laden droplets were released into the air by a teacher coughing and tracked for 90 min by numerical simulations. The teacher was standing in front of multiple students in a classroom. To estimate viral transmission to the students, we considered the features of the novel coronavirus, such as the virus half-life. The simulation results revealed that there was a high risk of prolonged airborne transmission of virus-laden droplets when the outlet flow of the classroom ventilation was low (i.e., 4.3 and 8.6 cm/s). The rates of remaining airborne virus-laden droplets produced by the teacher coughing were 40% and 15% after 45 and 90 min, respectively. The results revealed that students can avoid exposure to the virus-laden droplets by keeping a large distance from the teacher (5.5 m), which is more than two times farther than the currently suggested social distancing rules. The results of this study provide guidelines to set a new protection plan in the classroom to prevent airborne transmission of virus-laden droplets to students.

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From indoor exposure to inhaled particle deposition: A multiphase journey of inhaled particles

Cited by 42 publications

References 75 publications

Transmission of COVID-19 virus by cough-induced particles in an airliner cabin section

Transmission of COVID-19 virus by cough-induced particles in an airliner cabin section

Optimising Aerosol Delivery for Maxillary Sinus Deposition in a Post-FESS Sinonasal Cavities

Computational investigation of prolonged airborne dispersion of novel coronavirus-laden droplets

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