From Incidence to Intervention: A Comprehensive Look at Breast Cancer in South Africa

Abstract

The formidable impact of breast cancer extends globally, with South Africa facing pronounced challenges, including significant disparities in breast cancer screening, treatment and survival along ethnic and socioeconomic lines. Over the last two decades, breast cancer incidence has increased and now accounts for a substantial portion of cancers in women. Ethnic disparities in terms of screening, incidence and survival exacerbate the issue, leading to delayed diagnosis among Black patients and highlighting healthcare inequities. These concerning trends underscore the urgency of enhancing breast cancer screening while mitigating treatment delays, although obstacles within the healthcare system impede progress. The intersection of breast cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) further complicates matters and particularly affects the Black population. Tackling the aforementioned disparities in breast cancer in South Africa mandates a multifaceted strategy. Robust screening efforts, particularly those targeting marginalised communities, are crucial for early detection. Concurrently, expedited treatment initiation is imperative. Addressing HIV-related complexities requires tailored interventions to ensure effective care. These multifaceted disparities require pan African research and cooperation as well as tailored interventions to enhance breast cancer care within the African region.

Equitable inclusion of diverse populations in oncology clinical trials: deterrents and drivers

“…In sub-Saharan Africa, cancer incidence trends show an upward trajectory, with incident cases having doubled in the past 30 years, possibly associated with infection, increasing life expectancy, adoption of unhealthy lifestyles, and genetics. 2 , 3 Moreover, limited access to early detection, diagnostic facilities, and comprehensive treatment options, coupled with a low adoption rate of vaccinations, exacerbate the burden of cancer and contribute to the disparities in cancer outcomes across the African continent. 4 …”