From impacts to adaptation: Canada in a changing climate 2007

Lemmen, D S; Warren, F J; Lacroix, Jacinthe; Bush, Emma R

doi:10.4095/226455

Cited by 213 publications

(190 citation statements)

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“…Mean percent change in daily non-accidental mortality and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with changes in diurnal temperature range between selected cut-points in the distribution, base model and models adjusted for mean daily temperature and air pollution, Montreal, 1984Montreal, -2007 In order to understand the importance that warming of the global climate system has for humans and other species, certain terms such as climate change and global warming have to be defined clearly. Climate change refers to any changes in climate due to natural factors, human activity or both that occur over time (Lemmen et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of diurnal variations in temperature on non-accidental mortality among the elderly population of Montreal, Québec, 1984–2007

2013

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The association between short-term changes in ambient temperature and daily mortality has been described widely in the literature. A few recent papers support the hypothesis that diurnal variations in temperature may also have an impact on mortality, independent of the effect of daily mean temperature. The objective of the thesis was to determine whether variations in diurnal temperature increased daily non-accidental mortality among the elderly population of Montreal, Quebec, during the 1984-2007 study period. We used distributed lag non-linear models constrained over a 30 day lag period, and adjusted for temporal trends, mean daily temperature, and mean daily concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone. We found over the 30 day lag period a cumulative increase of 5.12% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02 to 10.49) in daily mortality for an increase of the diurnal temperature range from 6 °C to 11 °C and a 11.27% (95% CI: 2.08 to 21.29) increase in mortality associated with an increase of the diurnal temperature range from 11 to 16 °C. The results were relatively robust to adjustment for mean temperature.In conclusion, we found that in Montreal daily diurnal variations in temperature are associated with a small increase in mortality among the elderly population. More studies are needed in different geographical locations to confirm these effects.ii Résumé L'association entre les variations à court terme de la température ambiante et la mortalité quotidienne a été largement décrite dans la littérature. Quelques articles récents supportent l'hypothèse que les variations diurnes de la température peuvent également avoir un impact notable sur la mortalité, indépendamment de l'effet de la température moyenne. L'objectif de la thèse était de déterminer si les variations de température diurne provoquent une augmentation de la mortalité quotidienne non accidentelle chez les iii

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confidence: 99%

Effects of diurnal variations in temperature on non-accidental mortality among the elderly population of Montreal, Québec, 1984–2007

2013

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“…The internal variability associated to the chaotic and nonlinear nature of the climate system must also be considered. Assessment of uncertainties in climatic projections is therefore essential in a context where adaptation strategies are needed to minimize the vulnerability of our societies to CC (Lemmen et al, 2008). Uncertainties in future projections are usually assessed through the combination and comparison of simulation results using approaches such as the multimodel ensemble approach.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future changes in intense precipitation over Canada assessed from multi‐model NARCCAP ensemble simulations

Mailhot

Beauregard

Talbot

et al. 2011

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Annual maxima (AM) series of precipitation from 15 simulations of the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) have been analysed for gridpoints covering Canada and the northern part of United States. The NARCCAP Regional Climate Models' simulations have been classified into the following three groups based on the driving data used at the RCMs boundaries: (1) NCEP (6 simulations); (2) GCM-historical (5 simulations); and (3) GCM-future (4 simulations). Historical simulations are representative of the 1968-2000 period while future simulations cover the 2041-2070 period. A reference common grid has been defined to ease the comparison. Multi-model average intensities of AM precipitation of 6-, 12-, 24-, 72-, and 120-h for 2-, 5-, 10-, and 20-year return periods have been estimated for each simulation group. Comparison of results from NCEP and GCM-historical groups shows good overall agreement in terms of spatial distribution of AM intensities. Comparison of GCM-future and GCM-historical groups clearly shows widespread increases with median relative changes across all gridpoints ranging from 12 to 18% depending on durations and return periods. Fourteen Canadian climatic regions have been used to define regional projections and average regional changes in intense precipitation have been estimated for each duration and return period. Uncertainties on these regional values, resulting from inter-model variability, were also estimated. Results suggest that inland regions (e.g. Ontario and more specifically Southern Ontario, the Prairies, Southern Quebec) will experience the largest relative increases in AM intensities while coastal regions (e.g. Atlantic Provinces and the West Coast) will experience the smallest ones. These projections are most valuable inputs for the assessment of future impact of climate change on water infrastructures and the development of more efficient adaptation strategies.

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“…Northwards, Canada has already experienced warming that is disproportionate to global climate change, with average temperatures in some northern regions increasing by more than 28C. In the Canadian Prairies (where WNV is a significant concern) increase in water scarcity has been observed in parallel with warmer and drier summers [78,79].…”

Section: North America (A) Main Climatic Change Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change impacts on West Nile virus transmission in a global context

Paz

2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

194

132

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West Nile virus (WNV), the most widely distributed virus of the encephalitic flaviviruses, is a vector-borne pathogen of global importance. The transmission cycle exists in rural and urban areas where the virus infects birds, humans, horses and other mammals. Multiple factors impact the transmission and distribution of WNV, related to the dynamics and interactions between pathogen, vector, vertebrate hosts and environment. Hence, among other drivers, weather conditions have direct and indirect influences on vector competence (the ability to acquire, maintain and transmit the virus), on the vector population dynamic and on the virus replication rate within the mosquito, which are mostly weather dependent. The importance of climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and winds) as drivers in WNV epidemiology is increasing under conditions of climate change. Indeed, recent changes in climatic conditions, particularly increased ambient temperature and fluctuations in rainfall amounts, contributed to the maintenance (endemization process) of WNV in various locations in southern Europe, western Asia, the eastern Mediterranean, the Canadian Prairies, parts of the USA and Australia. As predictions show that the current trends are expected to continue, for better preparedness, any assessment of future transmission of WNV should take into consideration the impacts of climate change.

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From impacts to adaptation: Canada in a changing climate 2007

Cited by 213 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of diurnal variations in temperature on non-accidental mortality among the elderly population of Montreal, Québec, 1984–2007

Effects of diurnal variations in temperature on non-accidental mortality among the elderly population of Montreal, Québec, 1984–2007

Future changes in intense precipitation over Canada assessed from multi‐model NARCCAP ensemble simulations

Climate change impacts on West Nile virus transmission in a global context

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