From Hypertension to Heart Failure: Role of Nitric Oxide–Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction and Emerging Insights from Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Lapu-Bula, Rigobert; Ofili, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.12.014

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…183 Concentric LVH on echocardiography identifies a high risk phenotype with abnormal flow-mediated dilation and decreased myocardial flow reserve. 184 In symptomatic adults with hypertension, the echocardiogram provides additional assessments for systolic and diastolic dysfunction, as well as evaluation of wall motion abnormalities to detect underlying coronary artery disease. The use of echocardiography during treadmill or pharmacological testing is indicated in hypertensive patients with symptoms suggesting CHD and/or to estimate prognosis in patients with known concomitant coronary artery disease as well as those with known or suspected valvular heart disease.…”

Section: Stratification Of Risk In Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations on the Use of Echocardiography in Adult Hypertension: A Report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)†

Marwick

Gillebert

Aurigemma

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography

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Hypertension remains a major contributor to the global burden of disease. The measurement of blood pressure continues to have pitfalls related to both physiological aspects and acute variation. As the left ventricle (LV) remains one of the main target organs of hypertension, and echocardiographic measures of structure and function carry prognostic information in this setting, the development of a consensus position on the use of echocardiography in this setting is important. Recent developments in the assessment of LV hypertrophy and LV systolic and diastolic function have prompted the preparation of this document. The focus of this work is on the cardiovascular responses to hypertension rather than the diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Sections address the pathophysiology of the cardiac and vascular responses to hypertension, measurement of LV mass, geometry, and function, as well as effects of treatment.

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Section: Stratification Of Risk In Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations on the Use of Echocardiography in Adult Hypertension: A Report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)†

Marwick

Gillebert

Aurigemma

et al. 2015

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography

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400

345

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“…This is further aggravated by vascular functional alterations frequently present in hypertension such as coronary vasoconstriction secondary to endothelial dysfunction due to reduced nitric oxide availability [35], and increased arterial stiffness that accelerates aortic pulse wave velocity and facilitates earlier return of the wave reflected at the iliac bifurcation in systole, thereby increasing LV afterload and central pulse pressure and decreasing central diastolic blood pressure and coronary perfusion [36].…”

Section: Response Of the Cardiomyocyte To Pressure Overloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy risk: beyond adaptive cardiomyocytic hypertrophy

Fröhlich

González²,

Díez

2011

Journal of Hypertension

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The heart is a remarkably adaptive organ, capable of increasing its minute output and overcoming short-term or prolonged pressure overload. The structural response, in addition to the foregoing functional demands, is that of myocardial hypertrophy. Then, why should an adaptive response increase cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH)? Evidence shows that the functional performance of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes is impaired, and that additional alterations develop in cardiomyocytes themselves, the extracellular matrix and the intramyocardial vasculature, leading to myocardial remodelling and providing the basis for the adverse prognosis associated with pathological LVH in hypertensive patients (i.e., hypertensive heart disease, HHD). As molecular information accumulates, the pathophysiological understanding and the clinical approach to HHD are changing. The time has come to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies aimed at improving the prognosis of HHD on the basis of reversing or even preventing the aforementioned changes in the ventricular myocardium.

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“…Ethnic diversity is a factor in a variety of pathophysiological processes, including responses to stress, psychological issues, and communication between health care professionals and patients. In particular, African Americans and Africans (AA) are disproportionately affected by hypertension, which causes an estimated 30% and 20% of all deaths in AA men and women, respectively [39] [40]. African Americans have a more virulent course of hypertension, with higher rates of target organ damage, including heart failure, end-stage renal disease, myocardial infarct, and stroke as compared with non-African Americans [41] [42] [43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

L-Arginine Levels among Hypertensive Patients in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

Erhabor¹,

Ibrahim²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2017

OJBD

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Hypertension is a major public health problem that adversely affects the health status of individuals, families and communities. L-arginine levels of a total of 90 consecutively-recruited hypertensive subjects and 50 age-matched non-hypertensive controls were studied. Plasma from subjects and control participants were analyzed for L-arginine. The mean values of L-arginine level were significantly lower among the hypertensive subjects which are (174.33 ± 78.31 µmol/L) compared to those of the 50 non-hypertensive controls (237.82 ± 261.16 µmol/L) (p = 0.04). There was no statistically significant difference in the L-arginine levels of hypertensive subjects based on gender, age and ethnicity (p = 0.87, 0.23 and 0.57) respectively. The L-arginine level was significantly higher among married hypertensive subjects (181.71 ± 78.17 µmol/L) compared to single or unmarried subjects (130.62 ± 65.99 µmol/L) (p = 0.03). The mean value of L-arginine level was significantly higher among hypertensive subjects with mild blood pressure (187.63 ± 77.93 µmol/L) compared to those with high blood pressure (156.93 ± 76.31 µmol/L). The difference however was not statistically significant (p = 0.05). The findings from this study confirm that the level of L-arginine is lower among hypertensive subjects compared to non-hypertensive controls. Age, gender and ethnicity did not have a significant effect on the L-arginine levels of hypertensive subjects. L-arginine level was significantly lower among single hypertensive patients and those with markedly raised blood pressure. It is recommended the L-arginine supplement be prescribed to hypertensive patient as a prophylactic measure. There is a need to enlighten hypertensive patients in the area on the need to maintain a balanced diet containing sufficient level of L-arginine.How to cite this paper: Erhabor, O., Ibra-

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From Hypertension to Heart Failure: Role of Nitric Oxide–Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction and Emerging Insights from Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Cited by 43 publications

References 44 publications

Recommendations on the Use of Echocardiography in Adult Hypertension: A Report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)†

Recommendations on the Use of Echocardiography in Adult Hypertension: A Report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE)†

Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy risk: beyond adaptive cardiomyocytic hypertrophy

L-Arginine Levels among Hypertensive Patients in Sokoto, North Western Nigeria

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