From hundreds to thousands: Widening the normal human Urinome (1)

Proteome analysis in the assessment of ageing

“…The use of non-invasive or minimally invasive obtained body fluids could greatly facilitate studying the proteome of healthy ageing. Although previous proteomic studies using body fluids only generated limited sets of proteins and peptides, more recent studies show that proteome technologies have evolved sufficiently to obtain information of thousands of proteins and peptides in non-invasively obtained fluids such as urine (Santucci et al, 2014) and in other fluids including plasma (Lu et al, 2012a,b). • The obvious the drawback of body fluids is that these proteomes are mostly non-organ specific.…”

The human urinary exosome as a potential metabolic effector cargo

“…We have reported recently a urinary proteome analysis conducted by a combination of procedures for maximizing sensitivity (sub-fractionation by vesicle separation, combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and pigment removal), utilizing the most up-to-date mass spectrometers (i.e., Orbitrap). This approach allowed the detection of 3429 proteins, 1724 of which were detected for the first time in normal human urine [20]. Most proteins (1615) were contained in vesicles.…”

“…Specific functions related to respiration (SUPPLEMENTARY 1055324]) reports the list of the proteins identified in urine, non-urinary and urinary exosomes, respectively. In particular, data on healthy human urine proteome (2997 unique proteins) were obtained from Santucci et al [20], Adachi et al [36] and Marimuthu et al [37]. Our recent urinary proteome analysis [20] conducted by a combination of procedures for maximizing sensitivity and utilizing the most up-to-date mass spectrometer (Orbitrap Velos) allowed the detection of 3429 proteins.…”

Translational Research Methods: Basics of Renal Molecular Biology

“…6). As the urine proteomic map is nearly completed [107], researchers are now attempting to use proteomics to identify urinary fingerprints of specific renal diseases. Until now, these studies have been disappointing and have shown that even distantly related renal diseases share similar patterns of urine protein composition.…”

“…The level of accuracy of urinary biomarkers allowed to differentiate glomerular from tubular involvement but was insufficient to characterize glomerular lesions and to guide treatment [108][109][110]. Recently, it has been evaluated that the total number of urinary proteins is in the range of 3-4.000 [107]; it is reasonable to expect that in the near future, studies based on a large number of urinary proteins will expand this field and will allow to identify patterns of protein excretion that will have clinical applications.…”