From Herbal Roots to Synthetic Medicines: A Historical Perspective

Li, Ting‐Kai

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01101.x

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…60 Prospective studies have shown childhood sleep problems lead to poor adolescent response inhibition, which mediates observed childhood sleep/young adult drug association. 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2,7,17,19 Students reported past 30-day cigarette smoking as 1=not at all, 2=less than 1 cigarette per day, 3=1 to 5 cigarettes per day, 4=about 1/2 pack per day, 5=about 1 pack per day, 6=about 1 1/2 packs per day, 7=2 packs or more per day. For alcohol, amphetamines, marijuana, and narcotics other than heroin (hereafter referred to simply as “narcotics”), students reported past 12-month use frequency of each substance separately as 1=0 occasions, 2=1 to 2, 3=3 to 5, 4=6 to 9, 5=10 to 19, 6=20 to 39, and 7=40 or more occasions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,17–19 To the authors’ knowledge, only 4 nationally-representative adolescent sleep/substance use studies have been published. 5,20–22 These studies have provided essential information on associations between various sleep dimensions (trouble sleeping, trouble staying asleep, insufficient sleep, hours of sleep) and use of a limited range of substances (alcohol, cigarettes, any illicit drugs, marijuana).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep and Substance Use among US Adolescents, 1991-2014

et al. 2016

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Objectives To examine associations between sleep and alcohol, amphetamine, cigarette, marijuana, and non-heroin narcotic use among US middle and high school students, trends in associations over time, and the comparative impact of select covariates on association strength. Methods Data from the 1991–2014 nationally representative Monitoring the Future study of 8th, 10th, and 12th grade US students were used to estimate standardized correlations between the frequency of getting at least 7 hours of sleep (7+ sleep) and substance use frequency while simultaneously regressing both outcomes on key covariate domains. Results As 7+ sleep frequency increased, substance use frequency significantly decreased and vice versa. Overall, association strength was inversely associated with grade. Associations were generally modest, varied across substances, and weakened over the historical period examined for 8th and 10th graders. Associations showed little variance by sex and racial/ethnic subgroups. Controlling for deviance, psychosocial, and general health covariates significantly attenuated association strength. Conclusions Among US secondary students, 7+ sleep/substance use associations were largely explained by individual deviance, psychosocial, and general health characteristics. Awareness and exploitation of these shared associations may be useful in improving substance use prevention and/or treatment efforts.

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“…60 Prospective studies have shown childhood sleep problems lead to poor adolescent response inhibition, which mediates observed childhood sleep/young adult drug association. 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep and Substance Use among US Adolescents, 1991-2014

et al. 2016

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“…The cued response task was modified from a go/no-go task (apparatus and task described in Gubner et al 2010). The task included 60 trials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive function deficits and glutamatergic protein alterations in a progressive 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Pflibsen

Stang

Sconce

et al. 2015

J of Neuroscience Research

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Changes within executive function are at the root of most cognitive problems associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Because dopaminergic treatment does not necessarily alleviate deficits in executive function, it has been hypothesized that dysfunction of other neurotransmitters/systems besides dopamine (DA), maybe associated with this decrease in cognitive function. We have reported decreases in motor-function and dopaminergic/glutamatergic biomarkers using a progressive 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) Parkinson’s mouse model. Assessment of executive function and dopaminergic/glutamatergic biomarkers within the limbic circuit has previously not been explored in our model. Our results show progressive behavioral decline in cued response task (a rodent model for frontal cortex cognitive function) with increasing weekly doses of MPTP. Although within the dorsolateral (DL) striatum mice administered MPTP showed a 63% and 83% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) expression, respectively, there were no changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) or medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Furthermore, dopamine-1 receptor (DA-D1) and vesicular glutamate transporter-1 (VGLUT-1) expression increased in the mPFC following DA loss. There was a significant MPTP-induced decrease/increase in VGLUT-1 and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (VGLUT-2) expression, respectively, within the DL striatum. We propose that the behavioral decline following MPTP treatment may be associated with a change in not only cortical-cortical (VGLUT-1) glutamate function, but also in striatal DA and glutamate (VGLUT-1/VGLUT-2) input.

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“…All social/cognitive measures have been validated in previous studies and exhibit one-dimensional structures with acceptable reliability (Mills et al, 2012a, Mills et al, 2012b, Mills and Caetano, 2010, Mills and Caetano, 2012). Although the items comprising the scales are heterogeneous, their unidimensional structure indicates that they have enough in common to ensure that inferences about manifest aggregates (e.g., a mean or sum) will reflect that common variance and will not be contaminated by heterogeneity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐Border Policy Effects on Alcohol Outcomes: Drinking Without Thinking on the U.S.–Mexico Border?

Mills

Caetano

Vaeth

2014

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Rates of alcohol-related outcomes are sensitive to policy differences in politically distinct, adjacent territories. Factors that shape these cross-border effects, particularly when the policy differences are longstanding, remain poorly understood. We compared the ability of two classes of variables with theoretical relevance to the U.S.-Mexico border context – bar attendance and alcohol-related social-cognitive variables – to explain elevated drinking on the U.S. side of the border relative to other areas of the U.S. Methods Data were collected from multi-stage cluster samples of adult Mexican Americans on and off the U.S.-Mexico Border (current drinker N=1351). Structural equation models were used to test drinking context (frequency of bar attendance) and six different social-cognitive variables (including alcohol-related attitudes, norms, motives, and beliefs) as mediators of border effects on a composite drinking index. Results The border effect on drinking varied by age (with younger adults showing a stronger effect), consistent with previous findings and known risk factors in the region. Contrary to theoretical expectations, six different social-cognitive variables – despite relating strongly with drinking – were comparable in border and non-border areas (within and across age) and played no role in elevated drinking on the border. Conversely, elevated drinking among border youth was mediated by bar attendance. This mediated moderation effect held after adjusting for potential sociodemographic and neighborhood-level confounders. Conclusions Increased drinking among U.S.-Mexico border youth is explained by patterns of bar attendance, but not by more permissive alcohol-related social-cognitive variables in border areas: Border youth attend bars and drink more than their non-border counterparts, despite having comparable alcohol-related beliefs, attitudes, norms, and motives for use. Alcohol's heightened availability and visibility on both sides of the border may create opportunities for border youth to drink that otherwise would not be considered.

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From Herbal Roots to Synthetic Medicines: A Historical Perspective

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Sleep and Substance Use among US Adolescents, 1991-2014

Sleep and Substance Use among US Adolescents, 1991-2014

Executive function deficits and glutamatergic protein alterations in a progressive 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson's disease

Cross‐Border Policy Effects on Alcohol Outcomes: Drinking Without Thinking on the U.S.–Mexico Border?

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