“…Importantly, social opportunities matter to academic outcomes but can be either academically productive or counterproductive depending on the specific opportunity (Coleman, 1961; Eckert, 1989; Eder & Kinney, 1995; Kinney, 1999). Of the forms of social achievement discussed in the prior section, some have well-established associations with better grades (e.g., warm relationships with teachers and fellows students, sports participation, and positive psychosocial functioning), and some have well-established associations with poorer grades (e.g., party behavior; Catalano, Haggerty, Osterle, Fleming, & Hawkins, 2004; Crosnoe, 2002; Fredericks & Eccles, 2006; McLeod & Fettes, 2007; Needham, Crosnoe, & Muller, 2004).…”