From Geopolitical to Geoeconomic? The Changing Political Rationalities of State Space

Moisio, Sami; Paasi, Anssi

doi:10.1080/14650045.2012.723287

Cited by 73 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…canals, railways). This contributed to economic integration, mobility of labor and more effective communication (Moisio & Paasi, 2013). During the 19th and early 20th century, Finnish nationalism gradually developed from cultural and linguistic forms toward (contested) claims for full political independence, a process that was supported by the already existing territorial shape of the state (Häkli, 1999;Paasi, 1990Paasi, , 1996.…”

Section: The Institutionalization Of Finnish Territory Independence mentioning

confidence: 98%

Dancing on the graves: Independence, hot/banal nationalism and the mobilization of memory

Paasi

2016

Political Geography

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Nationalism is frequently considered as an extreme, 'hot' phenomenon related to often violent nation/ state-building processes. Billig's Banal Nationalism turned the attention to how nationalism is also 'flagged' and routinely reproduced in existing states. This article studies the mobilization of these forms of nationalism and suggests that independence is a useful notion in bridging the hot/banal divide and for tracing the 'hot in the banal'. Whereas for separatist movements independence is primarily a goal aspired to, in existing states independence/sovereignty is used to bring together hot and banal forms of nationalism which are mobilized in reproducing the discourses/practices related to the purported national identity. This paper first outlines a heuristic framework for conceptualizing independence and its key dimensions in relation to hot and banal nationalism as well as state-territory building. Secondly, the paper will study empirically the merit of the notion of independence regarding nationalism research via four themes:(1) the role of independence in Finland's state/nation-building process, spatial socialization and in mixing hot and banal nationalism; (2) the use of the 'independence card' by (nationalist) parties; (3) the mobilization of nationalist practices/discourses in the performativity of Finnish Independence Day; and (4) the resistance that the independence celebrations have incited. This study shows that the idea of independence in this context is inward-looking, draws on Othering, and is flagged in media and spatial socialization (e.g. education) using particular iconographies, landscapes, events, and memories related above all to wars. Rather than expressing hot or banal nationalism these discourses/practices effectively merge the two, challenging any simple dichotomy between them. The performativity of Independence Day in particular displays this blending.

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Section: The Institutionalization Of Finnish Territory Independence mentioning

confidence: 98%

Dancing on the graves: Independence, hot/banal nationalism and the mobilization of memory

Paasi

2016

Political Geography

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“…Second, repositioning depends on ‘states’ self‐identity and technologies of state ordering’. This is closely allied to political constructions of territory, for ‘geopolitics is influenced by the state context from which it is approached’ (Moisio & Paasi , p. 256). While ostensibly bearing little relation to it, the mastering of states’ self and communal identities (Agnew & Corbridge ; Agnew ) through technologies of cartography, diplomacy, population statistics, political parties, sectoral management and infrastructural planning is thus highly influential in shaping projection globally of state identities.…”

Section: Contemporary Geopolitical (Re)positioning Strategies Of Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary Geopolitical Positionings of Iceland Towards ‘Europe’ and the Nordic States

Jones

Clark

2016

Tijd voor Econ & Soc Geog

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In the context of the spatialities of Europeanisation, we demonstrate the manoeuvrability of states through the selection and deployment of geopolitical positioning strategies. Specifically, we highlight how geographic quantities (territory, location, resources, natural conditions) are bundled together to substantiate a mutable national interest as well as underpin the advocacy by states of particular geopolitical positionings. We argue that the diplomatic use of geographic quantities in state-led efforts to structure and shape international interactions has demonstrable geopolitical consequences. Using the case study of Iceland, one of the first casualties of the international financial crisis, we examine this state's geopolitical repositioning towards 'EUrope' through use of geographical uniqueness and concomitant reaffirmation of Nordic closeness. We expose the diplomatic challenges to the use of geographical categories such as uniqueness in geopolitical (re)positioning towards the emerging 'EUropean' order.

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“…This is particularly relevant in a European context that is increasingly characterised by multi-level governance (Benson, 2015;Alcantara et al, 2016;Jones, 2016;Klinke, 2016;Mulholland and Berger, 2017;Panara and Varney, 2017) and a polymorphic political and geographic recognition that cityregions are becoming increasingly important "sub-national", "third" or "meso"-level political actors. Specifically, as we will discuss later, this article reinforces the "Europe of regions" thesis (Keating, 2014c) by adding two new dimensions: first, "metropolitanisation" as the geo-economic (Harrison, 2012) and geopolitical (Moisio and Paasi, 2013b) basis for emergent small, stateless city-regional nations; second, the "right to decide" as the geo-democratic basis to transcend the former ethno-political nationalistic argument towards a more experimental democratic notion of city-ness (Calzada, 2017c). These dimensions demonstrate the connection among the devolution claims, metropolitan inclusiveness as a social value and a politically and socially progressivist agenda, as shown in the political programmes of the main "civic nationalist" parties (Sage, 2014;Gillespie, 2016).…”

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confidence: 94%

Metropolitan and city-regional politics in the urban age: why does “(smart) devolution” matter?

Calzada

2017

Palgrave Commun

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In recent years, two apparently contradictory but, in fact, complementary socio-political phenomena have reinforced each other in the European urban realm: the rescaling of nation-states through "devolution" and the emergence of two opposed versions of "nationalism" (that is, ethnic, non-metropolitanised, state-centric, exclusive, and right-wing populist nationalism and civic, metropolitanized, stateless, inclusive and progressivistemancipatory-social democratic nationalism). In light of these intertwined phenomena, this article shows how an ongoing, pervasive and uneven "metropolitanisation effect" is increasingly shaping city-regional political responses by overlapping metropolitan, cityregional, and national political scales and agendas. This effect is clear in three European cases driven by "civic nationalism" that are altering their referential nation-states' uniformity through "devolution". This article compares three metropolitan (and city-regional) cases in the United Kingdom and in Spain, namely, Glasgow (Scotland), Barcelona (Catalonia) and Bilbao (Basque Country), by benchmarking their policy implementation and the tensions produced in reference to their nation-states. Fieldwork was conducted from January 2015 to June 2017 through in-depth interviews with stakeholders in the three locations. Despite the so-called pluri-national and federal dilemmas, this article contributes to the examination of the side effects of "metropolitanisation" by considering three arguments based on geoeconomics ("prosperous competitiveness"), geo-politics ("smart devolution"), and geodemocratics ("right to decide"). Finally, this article adds to the existing research on metropolitan and city-regional politics by demonstrating why "devolution" matters and why it must be considered seriously. The "metropolitanisation effect" is key to understanding and transforming the current configurations of nation-states, such as the United Kingdom and Spain (as we currently know them), beyond internal discord around pluri-nationality and quasi-federalism. This article concludes by suggesting the term "smart devolution" to promote more imaginative and entrepreneurial approaches to metropolitan and city-regional politics, policies, and experimental democracy within these nation-states. These approaches can identify and pursue "smart" avenues of timely, subtle and innovative political strategies for change in the ongoing re-scaling devolution processes occurring in the United Kingdom and in Spain and in the consequent changes in the prospects for the refoundational momentum in the EU.

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From Geopolitical to Geoeconomic? The Changing Political Rationalities of State Space

Cited by 73 publications

References 19 publications

Dancing on the graves: Independence, hot/banal nationalism and the mobilization of memory

Dancing on the graves: Independence, hot/banal nationalism and the mobilization of memory

Contemporary Geopolitical Positionings of Iceland Towards ‘Europe’ and the Nordic States

Metropolitan and city-regional politics in the urban age: why does “(smart) devolution” matter?

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