From “Gay Marriage Controversy” (2004) to “Endorsement of Same-Sex Marriage” (2012): Framing Bisexuality in the Marriage Equality Discourse

Hackl, Andrea; Boyer, C. Reyn; Galupo, M. Paz

doi:10.1007/s12119-012-9159-9

Cited by 42 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Because plurisexual labels (e.g., bisexual, pansexual, queer, fluid) are not as universally defined or even agreed upon among bisexual/plurisexual individuals (Barker et al, 2012), individuals may need to explain their identities because of the broader misunderstanding of these identity labels. Research has also identified the ways that bisexual/plurisexual experience is made invisible (Barker et al, 2012; Hackl, Boyer, & Galupo, 2013), which may lead to the need for plurisexual individuals to need to describe their identities beyond a single label to make their identities visible and to educate others. An additional explanation suggested by both the present findings and past research (Galupo & Bauerband, 2015) is the possibility that because plurisexual individuals spend more time engaged in thinking about their sexual orientation, they may be more likely than monosexual individuals to explain their identities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual minority self-identification: Multiple identities and complexity.

Galupo

Mitchell

Davis

2015

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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133

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The present research explores the range and complexity of sexual minority self-identification. Using a feminist intersectional approach, patterns of self-identification are considered across both sexual identity and gender identity. Participants represent an online convenience sample and included 448 sexual minority individuals. Participants endorsed monosexual (lesbian, gay) and plurisexual (bisexual, pansexual, queer, fluid) sexual identity labels and included both cisgender and transgender individuals. Participants answered a series of open-and closed-ended questions regarding their primary and secondary sexual identities. Monosexual participants were less likely to provide a definition for their primary sexual identity than were plurisexual individuals; and when they did provide a definition they used fewer words. Likewise, monosexual participants were less likely to report secondary sexual identities; and when they did, they provided fewer secondary identities than plurisexual individuals. Transgender individuals were more likely than cisgender individuals to provide a definition for their primary sexual identity and to indicate a secondary sexual identity. These findings suggest that individuals with non-normative identities (plurisexual and transgender) were less likely to endorse single identity labels, and more likely to provide additional context for their identity labels than were individuals with normative identities (monosexual and cisgender). The present findings support the notion that with regard to sexual identity normative identities go unexamined, and that both sexual identity and gender identity contribute to the normative conceptualization of sexuality. This is consistent with our finding that sexual orientation rumination is explained, in part, by primary sexual orientation identity and sexual orientation complexity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual minority self-identification: Multiple identities and complexity.

Galupo

Mitchell

Davis

2015

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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133

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“…Given the small cell sizes in our analyses, we include individuals in differentgender couples as heterosexual and participants in same-gender couples as lesbian or gay-a method used in other studies examining sexual minority and heterosexual adoptive parents (e.g., Brodzinsky and Goldberg, 2016;Wyman Battalen et al, 2019). This collapsing of individual sexual minority identities (e.g., bisexual) into broader groups (e.g., lesbian) may contribute to identity erasure (e.g., bi-erasure; Hackl et al, 2013) as it is inconsistent with how participants self-identify. This generalized categorization may also overlook variability across individual identities (Brodzinsky and Goldberg, 2016).…”

Section: Demographic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma Experiences, Mental Health, Perceived Parenting Competence, and Parent–Child Relationships Among Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Adoptive Parents in the United States

Farr

Vázquez

2020

Front. Psychol.

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Adoptive parents often face stigma related to "non-traditional" family structures. Lesbian and gay (LG) adoptive parents often face additional stigmatization based on sexual identity, which in turn may negatively affect parents' mental health. Despite controversy about LG parenting, research demonstrates that family processes are more strongly associated with individual outcomes than family structure. Thus, family systems and minority stress theories provided our conceptual foundation in examining how adoptive LG parents' stigma experiences were associated with mental health, parenting competence, and parent-child relationships. Participating families (N = 106; n = 56 LG parent families) were originally recruited from five US domestic private infant adoption agencies and completed two waves of data collection (W1, W2; 91% retention) when children were preschool-age (M age = 3.01 years) and school-age (M age = 8.36 years), respectively. Data for the current study are largely drawn from W2. Via Qualtrics, parents completed assessments of mental health symptoms, adoption stigma, and perceived childcare competence. LG parents also reported on their experiences of homonegative microaggressions, and children responded to a measure about their relationships with parents. No significant differences emerged as a function of parental sexual orientation and gender except that lesbian mothers, heterosexual mothers, and gay fathers all reported higher parenting competence than heterosexual fathers. Although parents' mental health did not significantly predict parent-child relationship quality, parents' perceived competence and LG parents' current homonegative microaggression experiences did (e.g., greater competence, greater closeness; more microaggressions, lower closeness). Consistent with our conceptual framework, our results-derived from parent and child reports-demonstrate that although adoptive and LG parent families experience stigma, family processes (rather than structure) are most associated with individual outcomes. Researchers, policy makers, and practitioners should work together to employ identity-affirming practices to reduce stigma and support adoptive family functioning and well-being.

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“…It is important to note that the literature on same-sex parenting has largely overlooked the experiences of bisexual fathers in same-sex relationships, with research on "LGB parents" including few, if any, bisexual parents or failing to disaggregate the experiences of gay and bisexual fathers. Furthermore, the term "gay" is widely used as a modifier for "father" throughout the literature, and the tern "gay father" is often used interchangeably with the more inclusive term "same-sex parenting," thus rendering invisible bisexual men parenting with male partners (Hackl et al, 2013). The literature on PHGF largely focuses on the experiences of men who transition from a public heterosexual identity to a private and public gay identity.…”

Section: Coming Out and Identity Formation For Post-heterosexual Gay Fathersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I Was Just Fed up of Not Being Myself”: Coming out Experiences of White British Divorced and Separated Gay Fathers

Clarke

Earley

2021

Journal of GLBT Family Studies

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Before the so-called "gayby boom" in the 1990s the most common pathway to parenthood for gay men was heterosexual marriage. Since the 1990s most research on gay parenting has focused on intentional gay fathersthose parenting after coming out as gayand the experiences of post-heterosexual divorce gay fathers (PHGF) have largely been overlooked, even though they remain the largest group of gay fathers. Furthermore, most research on this group, and on gay fathers more broadly, has been conducted in the US, with only a small handful of studies examining the experiences of gay fathers elsewhere. The current study aims to begin to address this omission by exploring the experiences of heterosexually divorced and separated UK gay fathers, focusing on their experiential journey from married, ostensibly heterosexual, men to living openly (more or less) as gay fathers. Transcripts of interviews with six white British men were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five themes are reported: (1) The impossibility of being openly gay; (2) "Drowning in normality"; (3) "The point of no return"; (4) The kids are alright; and (5) "It just doesn't seem to compute for people." The findings suggest that for some PHGF little has changed since the earliest research on this group of gay fathers was published in the 1970s. The men in this study had mostly experienced a tumultuous (and sometimes incomplete) journey to gay fatherhood and continued to struggle with feelings of shame and stigma.

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From “Gay Marriage Controversy” (2004) to “Endorsement of Same-Sex Marriage” (2012): Framing Bisexuality in the Marriage Equality Discourse

Cited by 42 publications

References 17 publications

Sexual minority self-identification: Multiple identities and complexity.

Sexual minority self-identification: Multiple identities and complexity.

Stigma Experiences, Mental Health, Perceived Parenting Competence, and Parent–Child Relationships Among Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Adoptive Parents in the United States

“I Was Just Fed up of Not Being Myself”: Coming out Experiences of White British Divorced and Separated Gay Fathers

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