2021
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2110.06936
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From galactic bars to the Hubble tension: weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity

Indranil Banik,
Hongsheng Zhao

Abstract: Astronomical observations reveal a major deficiency in our understanding of physics − the detectable mass is insufficient to explain the observed motions in a huge variety of systems given our current understanding of gravity, Einstein's General theory of Relativity (GR). This missing gravity problem may indicate a breakdown of GR at low accelerations, as posited by Milgromian dynamics (MOND). We review the MOND theory and its consequences, including in a cosmological context where we advocate a hybrid approac… Show more

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Cited by 9 publications
(12 citation statements)
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References 587 publications
(951 reference statements)
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“…The limits in Equation 1follow from a new nonrelativistic gravity theory based on a Lagrangian, thereby respecting the usual conservation laws with respect to linear and angular momentum and the energy (Bekenstein & Milgrom 1984). The generalized non-linear Poisson equation derived from this Lagrangian leads to a rich behaviour of gravitating systems, accounting automatically for hitherto unexplained phenomena like the KBC void and Hubble tension (Haslbauer et al 2020), extreme galaxy cluster collisions at high redshift (Katz et al 2013;Asencio et al 2021), the Local Group satellite planes Bílek et al 2018Bílek et al , 2021, and many others besides while remaining consistent with galaxy cluster dynamics and early Universe observations (for an extensive review, see Banik & Zhao 2022). The MOND Poisson equation can be solved using standard mesh-refinement codes like phantom of ramses (por; Lüghausen et al 2015;Nagesh et al 2021) and raymond (Candlish et al 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 64%
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“…The limits in Equation 1follow from a new nonrelativistic gravity theory based on a Lagrangian, thereby respecting the usual conservation laws with respect to linear and angular momentum and the energy (Bekenstein & Milgrom 1984). The generalized non-linear Poisson equation derived from this Lagrangian leads to a rich behaviour of gravitating systems, accounting automatically for hitherto unexplained phenomena like the KBC void and Hubble tension (Haslbauer et al 2020), extreme galaxy cluster collisions at high redshift (Katz et al 2013;Asencio et al 2021), the Local Group satellite planes Bílek et al 2018Bílek et al , 2021, and many others besides while remaining consistent with galaxy cluster dynamics and early Universe observations (for an extensive review, see Banik & Zhao 2022). The MOND Poisson equation can be solved using standard mesh-refinement codes like phantom of ramses (por; Lüghausen et al 2015;Nagesh et al 2021) and raymond (Candlish et al 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 64%
“…The EFE is a fundamental consequence of MOND that has always been part and parcel of it (see section 3 of Milgrom 1983). Observational evidence for the EFE is discussed further in section 3.3 of Banik & Zhao (2022). Disc galaxies experiencing the strong EFE of a cluster environment can become lopsided (Candlish et al 2018), though even a rather weak EFE can have subtle consequences (Banik et al 2020).…”
Section: Including the External Field Effect (Efe)mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…One without sharp logic can hardly check the validity of the results or find out where a bug exists. From the review paper [29], we can find a number of studies misled by the model, much of time and resource was wasted by the professional barriers. The simple treatment is feasible for organizing experimental data and laws, but the galactic dynamics and structure involve large scale space-time geometry and partial differential equations of gravity and matter distribution, so it is impossible to obtain profound results by simple formula and conjecture.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is also possible to fit the CMB in MOND without any sterile neutrino component (Skordis & Z lośnik 2021), though it is unclear whether this approach can explain the properties of galaxy clusters. For a recent review of MOND that considers evidence from a wide range of scales and discusses the cosmological aspects in some detail, we refer the reader to Banik & Zhao (2022).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%