From first- to third-generation biofuels: Challenges of producing a commodity from a biomass of increasing complexity

Lee, Roland; Lavoie, Jean‐Michel

doi:10.2527/af.2013-0010

Cited by 420 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Biofuels can be classified according to the type of biomass utilized as follows: (1) first-generation biofuels are produced from organic sources commonly used as food for human consumption (e.g., sorghum, corn, among others); (2) second-generation biofuels are obtained from a wide range of non-food sources such as agricultural and forest residues, energy crops, and municipal solid waste; and (3) third-generation biofuels commonly refer to biofuels produced from algae [2]. This paper focuses on second-generation biofuels using a type of energy crop (i.e., switchgrass).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Principal Component Analysis in Switchgrass Chemical Composition

Aboytes–Ojeda

Castillo-Villar

et al. 2016

Energies

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Abstract:In recent years, bioenergy has become a promising renewable energy source that can potentially reduce the greenhouse emissions and generate economic growth in rural areas. Gaining understanding and controlling biomass chemical composition contributes to an efficient biofuel generation. This paper presents a principal component analysis (PCA) that shows the influence and relevance of selected controllable factors over the chemical composition of switchgrass and, therefore, in the generation of biofuels. The study introduces the following factors: (1) storage days; (2) particle size; (3) wrap type; and (4) weight of the bale. Results show that all the aforementioned factors have an influence in the chemical composition. The number of days that bales have been stored was the most significant factor regarding changes in chemical components due to its effect over principal components 1 and 2 (PC1 and PC2, approximately 80% of the total variance). The storage days are followed by the particle size, the weight of the bale and the type of wrap utilized to enclose the bale. An increment in the number of days (from 75-150 days to 225 days) in storage decreases the percentage of carbohydrates by −1.03% while content of ash increases by 6.56%.Keywords: lignocellulosic biomass; principal component analysis; statistical hypothesis; bioenergy; switchgrass BackgroundBiofuel production is a promising alternative source of energy which provides advantages such as displacement of fossil-based fuels, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, among others [1]. Biofuels can be classified according to the type of biomass utilized as follows: (1) first-generation biofuels are produced from organic sources commonly used as food for human consumption (e.g., sorghum, corn, among others); (2) second-generation biofuels are obtained from a wide range of non-food sources such as agricultural and forest residues, energy crops, and municipal solid waste; and (3) third-generation biofuels commonly refer to biofuels produced from algae [2]. This paper focuses on second-generation biofuels using a type of energy crop (i.e., switchgrass). The production of second-generation biofuels involves activities like harvesting, extracting, transporting and feedstock handling that can be enhanced to improve the biofuel supply chain performance [3,4]. Feedstock logistics play a relevant role in the optimization of the whole supply chain. Identifying factors in logistics operations that affect feedstock properties and its quality helps to improve the production of reliable biofuels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Principal Component Analysis in Switchgrass Chemical Composition

Aboytes–Ojeda

Castillo-Villar

et al. 2016

Energies

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“…Feedstocks which are grown using saline resources are highly productive on unit area basis compared to the productivity obtained by fresh water feedstocks (Gul et al, 2013) however, challenges like efficient conversion of biomass into biofuel still exist (Zhu and Ketola, 2012). In case of algae, geographical limitations exist in areas like Canada where temperatures for a large part of the year are below the optimal requirement for algal growth (Borowitzka and Moheimani, 2013;Lee and Lavoie, 2013). The future of biofuels hence necessitates combination of the three generations of feedstocks to cope with increased worldwide demand and depletion in the world's oil resources.…”

Section: Second and Third Generation Resources As Environment Friendlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…About 20% of car fuel in Brazil, is obtained from bioethanol (Eshel et al, 2010) while it is the most widely used renewable transportation biofuel in the US with the production of 13.3 billion gallons in 2012 (Westpheling, 2014). Sugar cane is the dominant raw material in Brazil while many other crop plants such as cassava, sugar-beet, wheat, rice, corn, barley, potato, and sorghum are also being utilized for bioethanol production in different parts of the world (Rajagopal et al, 2007;Lee and Lavoie, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biodiesel which can either be used directly in diesel engines or blended with conventional diesel, is produced by esterification of oil extracted from different oilseed crops such as soybean, sunflower, oil-palm, canola and rapeseed (Lee and Lavoie, 2013). The concerned countries have allocated areas with limits of coverage for cultivating crops meant for bio-diesel production (Avinash et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainable biofuel production from non-food sources ? An overview

Abideen¹,

Hameed²,

Koyro³

et al. 2014

Emir. J. Food Agric

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Increasing human population demands more fuel supply causing the release of hazardous greenhouse gases that could be compensated by supplementing with renewable and environment-friendly alternatives such as biofuels. The argument against the use of food crops for biofuel production that it may cause food shortages can be countered by using feedstock outside the human food chain. This opens up the possibility of using halophytes, algae and photosynthetic bacteria as sources of the carbon neutral biofuel which can be produced sustainably without compromising conventional agriculture. In this review we assess the suitability of these non-food resources as bio-fuel alternates.

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“…Production of second-generation biofuels as cellulosic ethanol should involve the valorization of every macromolecular fraction of the biomass in order to be economical [1]. Contrarily to the C6 carbohydrates, which are ideal candidates for classical fermentation, valorization of C5 sugars remains a challenge, either through biological or chemical pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol in Liquid Phase over a Biochar-Supported Platinum Catalyst

et al. 2017

Self Cite

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Abstract:In this work, the liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural has been studied using a biochar-supported platinum catalyst in a batch reactor. Reactions were performed between 170 • C and 320 • C, using 3 wt % and 5 wt % of Pt supported on a maple-based biochar under hydrogen pressure varying from 500 psi to 1500 psi for reaction times between 1 h and 6 h in various solvents. Under all reactive conditions, furfural conversion was significant, whilst under specific conditions furfuryl alcohol (FA) was obtained in most cases as the main product showing a selectivity around 80%. Other products as methylfuran (MF), furan, and trace of tetrahydrofuran (THF) were detected. Results showed that the most efficient reaction conditions involved a 3% Pt load on biochar and operations for 2 h at 210 • C and 1500 psi using toluene as solvent. When used repetitively, the catalyst showed deactivation although only a slight variation in selectivity toward FA at the optimal experimental conditions was observed.

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From first- to third-generation biofuels: Challenges of producing a commodity from a biomass of increasing complexity

Cited by 420 publications

References 18 publications

A Principal Component Analysis in Switchgrass Chemical Composition

A Principal Component Analysis in Switchgrass Chemical Composition

Sustainable biofuel production from non-food sources ? An overview

Reduction of Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol in Liquid Phase over a Biochar-Supported Platinum Catalyst

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