“…Because of the high benefit-cost ratio of nudges, as compared to other policy tools, e.g., material incentives that include vouchers and tokens, (Yoeli et al, 2013;Benartzi et al, 2017;Chetty et al, 2014;Rogers and Feller, 2018;Mertens et al, 2022), governments and public institutions have increasingly used nudges to promote various policy goals in domains such as health, tax compliance, consumer protection and retirement savings (e.g., Halpern, 2015;OECD, 2017;Carlsson et al, 2019;Ruggeri, 2021) as well in promoting PEB (e.g., Schubert, 2017;Akbulut-Yuksel and Boulatoff, 2021). For example, "green nudges" (i.e., nudges that aim at promoting environmentally benign behavior) can be used to promote energy and water conservation (e.g., Allcott, 2011;Yoeli et al, 2013;Bhanot, 2021), recycling behaviors (e.g., Zhang and Wang, 2020) or food waste reduction (e.g., Kallbekken and Saelen, 2013;Vidal-Mones et al, 2022).…”