From Emotions to Place Attachment

A Conceptualization of the Senses, Emotions, and Memories in Memorable Tourism Experiences

“…Numerous studies have also already contemplated a multidimensional approach. In effect, several dimensions emerge from the tourism experience theme: the sensorial dimension (Dias et al, 2017;Krishna, 2012;Krishna & Schwarz, 2014;Zatori, Smith, & Puczko, 2018), the emotional dimension (Correia et al, 2017;Dias et al, 2017;Oh, Fiore, & Jeoung, 2007), the memorable dimension (Dias et al, 2017;Hosany & Witham, 2010;Kim, Ritchie, & McCormick, 2012;Oh et al, 2007), the social dimension (Foris, 2014;Ivanovic & Saayman, 2015), the spiritual dimension (Jepson & Sharpley, 2015) and the physical dimension (Cohen & Ben-Nun, 2009;Fernandes & Cruz, 2016;Jepson & Sharpley, 2015).…”

“…Emotions play a key role as mediating and moderating factor of tourism consumption (Pyke, Hartwell, Blake, & Hemingway, 2016). Emotions in the tourism context establish the link between the tourist and the destination, product or service and provide tourism loyalty, help memory building, increase consumption, support the decisionmaking process and encourage word-of-month advertising (Bosangit et al, 2015;Buda, D'Hauteserre, & Johnston, 2014;Correia et al, 2017).…”

“…Once the environment information is perceived through the senses, the emotion stage extracts and explains the meaning of that information (Ekman, 2016). The emotional dimension of the touristic experience should focus on positive emotional states (Barrett, 2017;Correia et al, 2017;Kapoor, 2015;Oh et al, 2007;Tung et al, 2017), because positive emotional states build connections between individual people (Ekman, 2016) or between individuals and places (Correia et al, 2017;Dias et al, 2017), and these are essential in the decision-making processes for choosing a destination or experience (Bimonte & Faralla, 2014;Esteves, Slongo, Esteves, & Barcelos, 2013;Tung & Ritchie, 2011). Emotional states such as joy, love and positive surprise are strongly correlated to emotional activation, emotional satisfaction and, consequently, memory creation, as well as general tourist satisfaction and behaviour intention to recommend or repeat (Chen et al, 2017;Kurtz & Welch, 2016;Prayag, Hosany, Muskat, & Del Chiappa, 2017).…”

“…The tourist remembers the experiences through an emotional reconstruction of a particular experience (Lempert & Phelps, 2016;Martins et al, 2017;Servidio & Ruffolo, 2016). Emotions are thus particularly special in terms of quality and quantity during the experience, because they are crucial to the memory process (Correia et al, 2017;Dias et al, 2017). The memory of the experience is the result -that is, the memory encodes and stores only what the tourist perceives with his or her senses as emotionally pleasurable and as a focus of concentration and attention (Colombo & Gold, 2004;Gold, 2004;Mizumori, Yeshenko, Gill, & Davis, 2004;Todd, Talmi, Schmitz, Susskind, & Anderson, 2012).…”

“…Several articles have shown the importance of the senses in the tourism experience (Agapito, Mendes, Valle, & Almeida, 2014;Goggin et al, 2017;Lee, Heere, & Chung, 2013;Meacci & Liberatore, 2015), while others have studied the significance of the emotions (Correia, Oliveira, & Pereira, 2017;Hosany, Prayag, Deesilatham, Cauševic, & Odeh, 2015;Prayag, Hosany, Muskat, & Del Chiappa, 2017;Shoval, Schvimer, & Tamir, 2018) and some articles have considered the influence of memories (Ali, Hussain, & Ragavan, 2014;Kastenholz, Carneiro, Marques, & Loureiro, 2017;Pezzi & Vianna, 2015;Quadri-Felitti & Fiore, 2013). The relationship between the senses, emotions and memories is, however, a theme on which there has been a lack of attention (Dias, Correia, & Cascais, 2017).…”