From effect size into number needed to treat

Fang, Chi-Tai; Sau, W. Y.; Chang, Shan‐Chwen

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77952-6

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…To have confidence that a back-transformed figure is accurate, it would be necessary to determine whether the outcome measures included in specific meta-analyses were similar, and that the SD used to perform the calculation was representative of the population 54. For the back-transformation in this review, there were limited data available on the comparability of the two questionnaires used in the meta-analyses, a Visual Analogue Scale and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot orthoses for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foot orthoses for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2017

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“…To help in the interpretation of the pooled estimates, we multiplied SMD values by the mean standard deviation on the widely reported 100 point VAS scale for the outcome. As the use of this method is entirely dependent on the chosen “typical” value [23], we used a mean standard deviation calculated from all studies reporting the outcome [14]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local anaesthetic infiltration for peri-operative pain control in total hip and knee replacement: systematic review and meta-analyses of short- and long-term effectiveness

Marques

Jones

Elvers

et al. 2014

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

104

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BackgroundSurgical pain is managed with multi-modal anaesthesia in total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR). It is unclear whether including local anaesthetic infiltration before wound closure provides additional pain control.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of local anaesthetic infiltration in patients receiving THR or TKR. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL to December 2012. Two reviewers screened abstracts, extracted data, and contacted authors for unpublished outcomes and data. Outcomes collected were post-operative pain at rest and during activity after 24 and 48 hours, opioid requirement, mobilisation, hospital stay and complications. When feasible, we estimated pooled treatment effects using random effects meta-analyses.ResultsIn 13 studies including 909 patients undergoing THR, patients receiving local anaesthetic infiltration experienced a greater reduction in pain at 24 hours at rest by standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.61 (95% CI -1.05, -0.16; p = 0.008) and by SMD -0.43 (95% CI -0.78 -0.09; p = 0.014) at 48 hours during activity.In TKR, diverse multi-modal regimens were reported. In 23 studies including 1439 patients undergoing TKR, local anaesthetic infiltration reduced pain on average by SMD -0.40 (95% CI -0.58, -0.22; p < 0.001) at 24 hours at rest and by SMD -0.27 (95% CI -0.50, -0.05; p = 0.018) at 48 hours during activity, compared with patients receiving no infiltration or placebo. There was evidence of a larger reduction in studies delivering additional local anaesthetic after wound closure. There was no evidence of pain control additional to that provided by femoral nerve block.Patients receiving local anaesthetic infiltration spent on average an estimated 0.83 (95% CI 1.54, 0.12; p = 0.022) and 0.87 (95% CI 1.62, 0.11; p = 0.025) fewer days in hospital after THR and TKR respectively, had reduced opioid consumption, earlier mobilisation, and lower incidence of vomiting.Few studies reported long-term outcomes.ConclusionsLocal anaesthetic infiltration is effective in reducing short-term pain and hospital stay in patients receiving THR and TKR. Studies should assess whether local anaesthetic infiltration can prevent long-term pain. Enhanced pain control with additional analgesia through a catheter should be weighed against a possible infection risk.

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“…378 To help in the interpretation of these pooled estimates, we multiplied SMD values by the mean SD on the widely reported 100-point VAS scale for the outcome. As the use of this method is entirely dependent on the chosen 'typical' value, 379 we used a mean SD calculated from control groups of all studies reporting the outcome. 96 For length of hospital stay, we compared means and medians in studies reporting both and examined individual-level data provided by some authors.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving patients’ experience and outcome of total joint replacement: the RESTORE programme

Blom

Artz

Beswick

et al. 2016

Programme Grants Appl Res

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH VOLUME 4 ISSUE 12 AUGUST 2016 ISSN 2050 DOI 10.3310/pgfar04120Improving patients' experience and outcome of total joint replacement: the RESTORE programme Ashley W Blom, Neil Artz, Andrew D Beswick, Amanda Burston, Paul Dieppe, Karen T Elvers, Rachael Gooberman-Hill, Jeremy Horwood, Paul Jepson, Emma Johnson, Erik Lenguerrand, Elsa Marques, Sian Noble, Mark Pyke, Catherine Sackley, Gina Sands, Adrian Sayers, Victoria Wells and Vikki Wylde Improving patients' experience and outcome of total joint replacement: the RESTORE programme ISSN 2050-4330 (Online) This journal is a member of and subscribes to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) (www.publicationethics.org/).Editorial contact: nihredit@southampton.ac.ukThe full PGfAR archive is freely available to view online at www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/pgfar. Print-on-demand copies can be purchased from the report pages of the NIHR Journals Library website: www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk Criteria for inclusion in the Programme Grants for Applied Research journalReports are published in Programme Grants for Applied Research (PGfAR) if (1) they have resulted from work for the PGfAR programme, and (2) they are of a sufficiently high scientific quality as assessed by the reviewers and editors. Programme Grants for Applied Research programmeThe Programme Grants for Applied Research (PGfAR) programme, part of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), was set up in 2006 to produce independent research findings that will have practical application for the benefit of patients and the NHS in the relatively near future. The Programme is managed by the NIHR Central Commissioning Facility (CCF) with strategic input from the Programme Director.The programme is a national response mode funding scheme that aims to provide evidence to improve health outcomes in England through promotion of health, prevention of ill health, and optimal disease management (including safety and quality), with particular emphasis on conditions causing significant disease burden.For more information about the PGfAR programme please visit the website: http://www.nihr.ac.uk/funding/programme-grants-forapplied-research.htm This reportThe research reported in this issue of the journal was funded by PGfAR as project number RP-PG-0407-10070. The contractual start date was in December 2008. The final report began editorial review in September 2014 and was accepted for publication in August 2015. As the funder, the PGfAR programme agreed the research questions and study designs in advance with the investigators. The authors have been wholly responsible for all data collection, analysis and interpretation, and for writing up their work. The PGfAR editors and production house have tried to ensure the accurac...

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From effect size into number needed to treat

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

Foot orthoses for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Foot orthoses for plantar heel pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Local anaesthetic infiltration for peri-operative pain control in total hip and knee replacement: systematic review and meta-analyses of short- and long-term effectiveness

Improving patients’ experience and outcome of total joint replacement: the RESTORE programme

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