From Durkheim to Czarnowski: Sociological Universalism and Polish Politics in the Interwar Period

Abstract

The Durkheimian School of sociology was one of the most comprehensive programmes ever developed in the social sciences. This article contributes to those accounts of the School that discuss its intergenerational, interdisciplinary and international transformations after the Great War. From this perspective, the article presents the case of a Polish scholar, Stefan Czarnowski (1879–1937), whose early work on the cult of St. Patrick in Ireland became one of the Durkheimian classics on social integration. In the interwar period Czarnowski argued against race studies and anti-social concepts of culture and called for sociologically grounded comparative world history ordered around the notions of class and work. More generally, Czarnowski’s reconfiguration of Durkheimian universal principles in the specific location of East Central Europe calls for a deeper historicisation of the Durkheimian School as a movement in international social sciences.

Agricultural Chambers in the Process of Transfer of Knowledge and Innovations for the Development of Agriculture and Rural Areas in Poland

“…Pursuant to the Act on Agricultural Chambers, the financial management of agricultural chambers should be based on the provisions of their statutes and resolutions of the General Assembly, i.e., the highest decision-making body. The financial resources of agricultural chambers are managed by their management boards in accordance with the principles and objectives defined by budgets adopted by the General Assembly [5,59,60].…”

“…Various models of agricultural self-government have been developed in the EU Member States. It is indicated that Polish agricultural chambers should have much broader legislative and decision-making powers [35,36,40,59,60] and greater financial resources for the implementation of their tasks, including business activities.…”