From DNA to Proteins

Callis‐Duehl, Kristine; Keene, Keith L.; Christiensen, Tim; Stiller, John W.

doi:10.2505/4/tst18_086_01_35

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Climate change could have a fast and lasting impact on the existing structure of alpine plant communities (Cannone, Sgorbati, & Guglielmin, 2007;Engler et al, 2011), but this depends on the existing FD and trait trade-offs. Despite the postulated strong environmental filtering at high elevation, we documented the maintenance of a relatively high level of Fdiv in alpine plant communities (Callis-Duehl et al, 2017;Hulshof et al, 2013;Spasojevic & Suding, 2012). Such Fdiv is structured along correlated axes.…”

Section: Con Clus Ionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Our review of the literature indicates that the diversity of plant functional traits in alpine plant communities have been mainly documented along axes related to abiotic tolerance and competition (e.g. -Duehl et al, 2017). The diversity of strategies does not necessarily decrease as would be expected under environmental filtering (Table S1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the context of apparent competition (i.e. indirect competition via a shared enemy, Holt & Lawton, 1993;Mooney, Pratt, & Singer, 2012), divergence in anti-herbivore traits could favour coexistence, at least where herbivore pressure is strong (Callis-Duehl, Vittoz, Defossez, & Rasmann, 2017;Kursar et al, 2009;Richards et al, 2015). For instance Salazar, Jaramillo, and Marquis (2016) found that, on average, co-occurring species in the genus Piper were more likely to differ in secondary chemical composition than expected by chance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Growth‐competition‐herbivore resistance trade‐offs and the responses of alpine plant communities to climate change

et al. 2018

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Climate change is expected to modify current ecological conditions sustaining the coexistence of species within cold‐adapted plant communities. It will primarily act upon the existing structure of communities, whose response should depend on the functional differences governing coexistence among alpine species. We postulated that a possible trade‐off between (1) plant growth in response to temperature, (2) plant competition and (3) resistance to herbivory, modulates the rate of plant community turnover under climate change. We reviewed the literature investigating functional traits variability within communities along elevation gradients. Despite environmental filtering, our review indicates that interspecific plant functional variation within communities does not necessarily decrease with elevation. While the diversity of traits related to abiotic affinities or competition are well documented, the variability in species resistance to herbivory within communities is poorly known. Using a Lotka–Volterra‐based model, we simulated the impact of climate change on plant communities through (1) a direct effect on plant growth and competition and (2) an indirect effect via an increase in herbivore pressure. We showed that different shapes of trade‐offs between temperature‐related growth, competition and resistance to herbivory modulate community turnover under climate change. We documented the existence of two independent trade‐offs axes using a detailed dataset of functional traits within two alpine grasslands in the European Alps. Plant competitive traits (i.e. leaf area and height) where negatively associated to cold tolerance, whereas traits of the leaf economic spectrum were associated to traits related to the physical resistance to herbivory. We propose that the immediate effect of climate change on alpine plant communities will depend on existing functional variability and how functional axes trade‐off with each other. Documenting ecological constraints between plant functional axes should provide indications to anticipate winners and losers in alpine plant communities. A http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2435.13075/suppinfo is available for this article.

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Section: Con Clus Ionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth‐competition‐herbivore resistance trade‐offs and the responses of alpine plant communities to climate change

et al. 2018

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“…A decrease in species' diversity at high versus low-elevations can also be associated with a reduction in species interactions, which would lead to a relaxation of plant defenses at high elevation (Rasmann, Pellissier, Defossez, Jactel, & Kunstler, 2014). This has been observed at the community level (Callis-Duehl, Vittoz, Defossez, & Rasmann, 2017;Descombes et al, 2016;Kergunteuil, Descombes, Glauser, Pellissier, & Rasmann, 2018), interspecific level (Defossez, Pellissier, & Rasmann, 2018;Pellissier et al, 2012) and intraspecific level (Pellissier, Roger, Bilat, & Rasmann, 2014;Scheidel & Bruelheide, 2004;Zehnder et al, 2009). The study of plant adaptation and species interactions along elevational clines comes with several advantages compared to studies along latitudinal gradients (Körner, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Variable effects on growth and defense traits for plant ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity along elevation gradients

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et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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Along ecological gradients, phenotypic differentiation can arise through natural selection on trait diversity and magnitude, and environment‐driven plastic changes. The magnitude of ecotypic differentiation versus phenotypic plasticity can vary depending on the traits under study. Using reciprocal transplant‐common gardens along steep elevation gradients, we evaluated patterns of ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of several growth and defense‐related traits for two coexisting but unrelated plant species, Cardamine pratensis and Plantago major . For both species, we observed ecotypic differentiation accompanied by plasticity in growth‐related traits. Plants grew faster and produced more biomass when placed at low elevation. In contrast, we observed fixed ecotypic differentiation for defense and resistance traits. Generally, low‐elevation ecotypes produced higher chemical defenses regardless of the growing elevation. Yet, some plasticity was observed for specific compounds, such as indole glucosinolates. The results of this study may suggest that ecotypic differentiation in defense traits is maintained by costs of chemical defense production, while plasticity in growth traits is regulated by temperature‐driven growth response maximization.

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“…Chemical defences, such as alkaloids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds, act as toxins or digestibility reducers (Mithöfer & Boland, 2012). The current paradigm indicates that chemical and physical defences act together, in the form of syndromes, to counteract a wide variety of herbivores (Agrawal & Fishbein, 2006;Callis-Duehl, Vittoz, Defossez, & Rasmann, 2017;Kursar et al, 2009). In addition to the selective effect of herbivores on plant defence traits (Agrawal, 1998;Kessler & Baldwin, 2001), abiotic factors, especially temperature, can change the expression of plant phenotypes (Gutbrodt, Mody, & Dorn, 2011;Pellissier, Roger, Bilat, & Rasmann, 2014;Totland, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant physical and chemical traits associated with herbivory in situ and under a warming treatment

et al. 2019

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Plants protect themselves against herbivore attacks with physical traits and toxic secondary metabolites. Levels of plant defences and herbivore performance might shift under climate warming, particularly in alpine habitats, where herbivore pressure is currently low. Plant responses to warming should be driven by species‐specific shifts in physical and chemical defence traits. We investigated the association between plant leaf physical and chemical traits and herbivory under current and warmer climates in three grasslands along a subalpine to alpine gradient. Specifically, we measured the rate of in situ natural herbivory, and performed bioassays to measure overall plant species‐level resistance using the extreme generalist non‐native caterpillar Spodoptera littoralis. We simulated warmer conditions by using open‐top chambers and assessed the effect of warming on leaf physical and chemical traits, and how trait changes affect caterpillar performance. Natural herbivory and caterpillar performance were associated with plant physical traits, including specific leaf area, and with ordination axes representing dimensions of the plant chemical profile. We found that the warming treatment independently decreased the number of distinct chemical compounds per species, and marginally increased specific leaf area. Changes in leaf functional traits were not systematically associated with changes in caterpillar performance. Synthesis. Plant physical traits and chemical profiles are both related to natural herbivory and plant resistance against Spodoptera littoralis. While leaf physical and chemical traits of high elevation plants were modified by the warming treatment, these changes did not result in predictable effects on plant resistance against herbivores.

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From DNA to Proteins

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Growth‐competition‐herbivore resistance trade‐offs and the responses of alpine plant communities to climate change

Growth‐competition‐herbivore resistance trade‐offs and the responses of alpine plant communities to climate change

Variable effects on growth and defense traits for plant ecotypic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity along elevation gradients

Plant physical and chemical traits associated with herbivory in situ and under a warming treatment

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