From Dictatorship to Democracy

The role of valuing cultural diversity in children's endorsements of rights

“…Various environmental, social, economic and political factors may contribute to variations in children's endorsements of rights across cultures and countries (Helwig, 1995b; Lahat et al., 2009; Ruck et al., 1998). The socio‐political histories may create unique experiences for country‐specific differences, such as Bulgaria and Romania being post‐communist countries, or Spain previously being under a dictatorship (Kaneva & Popescu, 2011; Tusell, 2011). Even if these historical experiences do not, perhaps other socio‐economic experiences, like differences in cultural dimensions and wealth (Dimitrova et al., 2021), may lead to country‐level variations.…”

“…Bulgaria and Romania share a history of communism and have only recently adopted a democratic style of government (Kaneva & Popescu, 2011). Spain has similarly had a recent transition to a democracy, with its history entrenched in a dictatorship (Tusell, 2011). Conversely, Norway and Italy have longer established democracies (La Malfa, 1977; Østerud & Selle, 2006).…”

The Catholic Church and consolidation of democratic civil society in Spain

“…Since transitions from authoritarian regimes to democracy are explained by the national powers involved (Sastre García 1997), the actors must adapt and find new frames for action. Socioeconomic development and modernization in the 1960s had generated increasingly severe contradictions between economic liberalism and the authoritarian state/regime, making democracy an irreversible outcome of its political demise (Preston 1985;Tusell 2011). Political forces created by economic development enabled social mobility and participation in a context of urbanization, increased education, the development and influence of mass media, increased per capita income, etc.…”