From concept to reality — A review to the primary test stand and its preliminary application in high energy density physics

Deng, Jianjun; Xie, Weiping; Shi, Feng; Wang, Meng; Li, Hongtao; Song, Seungwoo; Minghe, Xia; Ji, Ce; He, An; Tian, Qing; Gu, Yuqiu; Guan, Yongchao; Wei, Bin; Huang, Xianbin; Ren, Xiaodong; Dan, Jiakun; Li, Jing; Zhou, Su-Qin; Cai, Hongchun; Zhang, Siqun; Wang, Kunlun; Xu, Qiang; Wang, Yujuan; Zhang, Zhaohui; Wang, Guilin; Guo, Shaoyun; He, Yuan; Yiwei, Zhou; Zhang, Zhanji; Yang, Libing; Zou, Wenkang

doi:10.1016/j.mre.2016.01.004

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The accelerators addressing these issues include the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratories [3,4], the Primary Test Stand (PTS) at the China Academy of Engineering Physics [5,6], and the MIG generator at the Institute of High Current Electronics [7,8]. Transmission-line-circuit models of Z [9] and the PTS [10] have increased our understanding of the electrical coupling of the pulse-forming components to the transmission lines and the magnitude of power lost in transit to the load.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current transport and loss mechanisms in the Z accelerator

Bennett

Welch

Jennings

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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A challenge for the TW-class accelerators driving Z-pinch experiments, such as Sandia National Laboratories' Z machine, is to efficiently couple power from multiple storage banks into a single multi-MA transmission line. The physical processes that lead to current loss are identified in new large-scale, multidimensional simulations of the Z machine. Kinetic models follow the range of physics occurring during a pulse, from vacuum pulse propagation to charged-particle emission and magnetically-insulated current flow to electrode plasma expansion. Simulations demonstrate that current is diverted from the load through a combination of standard transport (uninsulated charged-particle flows) and anomalous transport. Standard transport occurs in regions where the electrode current density is a few 10 4 − 10 5 A=cm 2 and current is diverted from the load via transport without magnetic insulation. In regions with electrode current density > 10 6 A=cm 2 , electrode surface plasmas develop velocity-shear instabilities and a Hall-fieldrelated transport which scales with electron density and may, therefore, lead to increased current loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current transport and loss mechanisms in the Z accelerator

Bennett

Welch

Jennings

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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“…Scaling relation indicates Z-pinch driven by [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] mega-ampere (MA) current could realize thermonuclear ignition, in which the fusion yield exceeds the energy transmitted to the load [12][13][14][15][16]. Up to date, though the most powerful accelerators, ZR [17], Primary Test Stand (PTS) [18], Angara-5-1 [19], have successfully generated 5-26 MA current to physical packages, there is still a long distance ahead to fusion ignition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a fusion-oriented pulsed power module

Lin¹,

Zou²,

Zhou³

et al. 2019

Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams

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We present a fusion-oriented pulsed power module M-50, which is based on the linear transformer driver (LTD) and magnetically insulated inductive voltage adder (MIVA) technologies. The module M-50, which consists of 50 identical LTD cavities connected in series, is one of the 60 modules of a fusion-scale pulsed power facility. M-50 is a comprehensive test bed for LTD integration and engineering validation. Each cavity consists of 32 bricks and has an output capability of 90 kV=1.0 MA=120 ns to the matched load. The output power of the 50 cavities is added with a MIVA, whose operation impedance is approximately matched to both source and load. Therefore, it has a nominal output capability of 4.5 MV=1.0 MA=120 ns to 4.5 Ω resistive load. The module is divided into five groups, and each group has ten cavities in series. The inner stalk of the MIVA is divided into five main straight segments. Conical transitions are employed to connect adjacent straight segments. The output end of M-50 is shrunk and connected a ring-cathode diode, whose cathode and anode radii are identical to those of a 12-m-long transmission line in the fusion facility. In this paper, the general concept of the fusion accelerator, the physical design, engineering design and development progress of M-50 are described for the first time.

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“…Compared to high‐power lasers, pulsed‐power drivers are an economical alternative. Here the well‐known examples are the Z‐Machine at Sandia National Laboratories, Angara‐5‐1 in Troitsk, and the Primary Test Stand (PTS) in China . Along with laser and pulsed‐power devices, high explosives are routinely used to achieve high‐energy‐density states in matter, and intense particle beams are on a development path to complement the already established methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerator‐driven high‐energy‐density physics: Status and chances

Ren

Mäurer

Katrík

et al. 2017

Contributions to Plasma Physics

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We review the development of high‐energy‐density physics (HEDP) driven by intense particle beams, and give an account of the current status and the anticipated developments in the near future. Since progress of this field is strongly coupled to the technical development of high‐current accelerators, we report on the recent results in specific areas of high‐current accelerators relevant to HEDP. These are related to dynamic vacuum problems and the activation of accelerator structural material by high‐current, high‐energy particle beams, and we give an example of dense plasma diagnostics with high‐energy protons. The reported results have been achieved at existing machines at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI‐Darmstadt), the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics in Moscow (ITEP‐Moscow), and the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP‐Lanzhou), and they are relevant for facilities under construction such as the FAIR facility in Darmstadt and the High Intensity Accelerator Facility (HIAF) proposed in China.

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From concept to reality — A review to the primary test stand and its preliminary application in high energy density physics

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Current transport and loss mechanisms in the Z accelerator

Current transport and loss mechanisms in the Z accelerator

Development of a fusion-oriented pulsed power module

Accelerator‐driven high‐energy‐density physics: Status and chances

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