From colonization to Zaitokukai: the legacy of racial oppression in the lives of Koreans in Japan

Robillard-Martel, Xavier; C, Laurent

doi:10.1080/14631369.2019.1575718

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Riko's narrative is supported by relevant studies (e.g., Kimura, 2021), showing that Zainichi Korean communities grapple with marginalization that is deeply ingrained in the Japanese ideology that revolves around positive images toward mixed white-Japanese individuals as the "public portrayal of mixed Japanese" (Yamashiro, 2017, p. 66). Her account also echoes anti-Korean sentiment in Japan, which is typically exhibited by conservative far-right wing groups such as Zaitokukai (the Association of Citizens against the Special Privileges of the Zainichi) (see Itagaki, 2015;Robillard-Martel & Laurent, 2020).…”

Section: Conflicts and Negotiations Of Multilingual Identity In Japanmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Along with indigenous ethnic minority groups such as Ainu, Okinawans, and Buraku, Zainichi Koreans constitute a major ethnic minority group in Japan (Htun, 2012) and have held “a unique position as the constitutive ‘others’ of the nation” (Robillard‐Martel, 2021, p. 418). The lives of Zainichi Koreans have provided the opportunity for meaningful investigation among sociologists with respect to historical and political tensions between Japan and Korea (see Ahn & Park, 2019; Htun, 2012; Robillard‐Martel & Laurent, 2020). Particular interest has focused on how generational shifts create divergent ethnic identities.…”

Section: What Zainichi Koreans Are and Why They Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multicultural coexistence as a site of otherness and becoming self: A narrative of a multilingual

Kim

Brutt‐Griffler

2022

Int J App Linguistics

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Identity is a subject of intense scrutiny in the field of Applied Linguistics. Of particular concern are issues of intersectionality of language and culture in the lives of minority groups. Yet, the empirical evidence in support of language and cultural identity (re)construction of ethnic minorities in Japan is far from conclusive. Drawing on a narrative inquiry approach, the present study seeks to shed light on multilingual identity construction and negotiation in different language contexts, as experienced by Riko, a third-generation Japanese woman of Korean descent. Our analysis shows that Riko's multilingual identity is undermined in Japan and Korea where monoglossic ideologies are still prevalent. The sociohistorical and sociopolitical context of Japan and Korea does not allow her to have any middle ground, exacerbating the potential for multilingual identity conflicts. In contrast, Riko's US study abroad experience aids her in cultivating a critical and deeper understanding of being a multilingual citizen. Findings further highlight the role of English which enables her to transcend the challenges posed by her ethnicity. In light of our findings, we draw implications for the significance of developing greater global and cultural awareness in language education and academic programs.

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Section: Conflicts and Negotiations Of Multilingual Identity In Japanmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: What Zainichi Koreans Are and Why They Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

Multicultural coexistence as a site of otherness and becoming self: A narrative of a multilingual

Kim

Brutt‐Griffler

2022

Int J App Linguistics

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“…They face systemic discrimination and have recently been the prime targets of right-wing politicians and ultranationalist groups like Zaitokukai, the Association of Citizens against the Special Privileges of the Zainichi. This shows that their subordinate status has carried over from the colonial era to the present (Robillard-Martel and Laurent, 2020). It also explains why comparisons with other racial minority groups are pervasive in the academic literature and public discourse about Zainichi Koreans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

ZAINICHIKOREANS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RACIAL POLITICS OF COMPARISON

Robillard-Martel

2021

Du Bois Rev.

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Zainichi Koreans are the descendants of colonial subjects who migrated to Japan from 1910 to 1945, when Korea was part of the Japanese empire. In 1952, the Japanese state stripped them of their nationality status and left them stateless. Like racial minority groups in other societies, Korean descendants still face systemic discrimination in contemporary Japan. Although they were colonized by a non-European power and are not physically distinct from the dominant Japanese population, their situation is often compared to that of African Americans. Yet, for scholars who think that race is necessarily based on “phenotype,” anti-Korean oppression cannot qualify as an instance of racism in Japan and the comparison with Black Americans is misguided. This article explores the intellectual and political issues at stake in debates over the use of racial comparisons—what I call the “racial politics of comparison.” Examining the views of scholars and Zainichi Korean activists, I show how the latter have drawn inspiration from the Black liberation struggle and built alliances with African Americans in order to resist oppression. I argue that their unique situation forces us to revise the role attributed to phenotype in current definitions of race and racism.

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“…In this study, we focus on the Korean among minorities or outgroups as targets of racial/ ethnic prejudice. It is well documented that Zainichi Koreans are one of the main targets of serious discrimination in Japanese society [36,[58][59][60][61]. Although Zainichi Koreans account for a small percentage of the Japanese population (0.4%) and the media coverage about them was relatively rare, hate speech against them has significantly increased in the last two decades.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Koreans, as an ethnic group, irrespective of whether they live in Japan, are a target of prejudice in Japan [62]. The antipathy toward Koreans by the Japanese can be partly attributed to extreme historical and territorial issues between the two Korean states and Japan [36,58,61,62].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Three clusters of content-audience associations in expression of racial prejudice while consuming online television news

et al. 2021

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It is well investigated that the expression of racial prejudice is often induced by news coverage on the internet, and the exposure to media contributes to the cultivation of long-term prejudice. However, there is a lack of information regarding the immediate effects of news delivered through television or television-like media on the expression of racial prejudice. This study provides a framework for understanding such effects by focusing on content-audience associations using the logs of an “online television” service, which provides television-like content and user experiences. With these logs, we found an association between the news-watching and comment-posting behaviors. Consequently, logs relevant to two distinct forms of racism, modern and old-fashioned racism, were extracted. Using mathematical modeling, which considers the different levels of program inducements to racist expression, personal inclinations of audiences to racism, and certainty of prediction of audience behaviors, we found three associative patterns between the news programs and audiences. The relevance of the topics covered to the basic beliefs of each form of racism was characterized into three clusters: expression as a reaction to news that is directly relevant to the basic beliefs of racism with weak inducements by non-bigots, minority abuse by distorting the meanings of news content indirectly relevant to the beliefs but with strong inducements by audiences with a strong bias, and racial toxic opinions independent of the news content by clear bigots. Our findings provide implications for inhibiting the expression of online prejudice based on the characteristics of these patterns.

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From colonization to Zaitokukai: the legacy of racial oppression in the lives of Koreans in Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Multicultural coexistence as a site of otherness and becoming self: A narrative of a multilingual

Multicultural coexistence as a site of otherness and becoming self: A narrative of a multilingual

ZAINICHIKOREANS, AFRICAN AMERICANS, AND THE RACIAL POLITICS OF COMPARISON

Three clusters of content-audience associations in expression of racial prejudice while consuming online television news

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