From Cognitive to Procedural Mapping

Diversity within Spatial Cognition: Memory Processes Underlying Place Recognition

“…At the end of the testing session for Experiment 2, we asked participants to indicate the extent to which they had tried to learn the original route in terms of a configuration or map in the head. This acquisition strategy is assumed to depend on effortful processing and to be demanding of attention (Anooshian and Siegel, 1985). Hence, we expected that reports of learning routes in terms of configurations would be more closely related to conscious recollection than familiarity.…”

“…When researchers ask people to draw maps, the landmarks in those maps are necessarily the places that people consciously recollect when deciding what to include in their maps. Much of the spatial cognition literature has focused on developing more sophisticated methods for assessing spatial knowledge that, unlike maps or verbal descriptions, are not confounded by individual differences unrelated to spatial knowledge (e.g., drawing ability; see Anooshian & Siegel, 1985). Yet, these methods also assume conscious recollection or explicit memory as a minimal criterion for landmark knowledge (see Anooshian and Kromer, 1986).…”

Emotionality in free recall: Language specificity in bilingual memory

“…At a very early age, infants explore their world through sensorimotor interactions that necessarily involve affective interchanges (Anooshian & Siegel, 1985;Escalona, 1981;Neisser, 1963). Bloom and her colleagues (Bloom & Beckwith, 1989;Bloom & Capatides, 1987) documented the close relationship in infancy between the expression of affect and language development and postulated further integration of affect and language as children learn to express emotion in different contexts.…”

Irrelevant thoughts, emotional mood states, and cognitive task performance

“…Yet the underlying dynamics of these effects are not clear. Emotional states have been shown to influence cognitive processes in a variety of ways (Alloy & Abramson, 1979;Anooshian & Siegel, 1985; Bower & Mayer, 1989; Clark, Milberg, & Erber, 1988;Ellis & Ashbrook, 1989;Ellis, Seibert, & Herbert, 1990;Forgas & Bower, 1988;Isen, 1984;Kenealy, 1986; Ucros, 1989). These investigations have shown that emotional mood states are related to (1) alterations in social and personal judgments, (2) alterations in spatial judgments, (3) mood congruence effects, and (4) recall impairment.…”