From circulating biomarkers to genomics and imaging in the prediction of cardiovascular events in the general population

Abstract

From circulating biomarkers to genomics and imaging in the prediction of cardiovascular events in the general population. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In the last decades numerous markers have been considered and investigated for the prediction of CV events, but only a few of them resulted in improved global risk assessment beyond traditional risk factors when incorporated into coronary evaluation scores. Recent genetic studies have pointed out a few but consistent loci or genes which are independently associated with CV risk. The idea is fascinating that these genetic markers could lead to improved individual CV risk assessment and tailored pharmacological interventions. In this brief review we will not make a systematic review of all non-genetic and genetic markers of CV risk but we will try to make a brief overview of the most interesting ones with the aim to underline potential ' pros ' and ' cons ' of their implementation in clinical practice. From circulating biomarkers to genomics and imaging in the prediction of cardiovascular events in the general population

Era of biomarker-based disease risk management

“…Many noninvasive as well as invasive vascular function tests have been performed [4]. In addition, measurements of chemical biomarkers including blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose have been established for detecting cardiovascular risks and events [5,6]. In the next era, there is an urgent need to evaluate the most appropriate biomarkers in each disease and use them to reduce the target organ damage and incidence of cardiovascular events (Fig.…”