From ciliate ontogeny to ciliate phylogeny: A program∗

Bardele, Christian F.

doi:10.1080/11250008909355647

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…upside down,'' as first suggested by Bardele (1989) based on morphogenetic arguments. In this view, the so-called ''highly evolved'' heterotrichs diverged earliest, while ''primitive'' groups, such as the classes Prostomatea and Litostomatea, appear later and are scattered throughout the ciliate tree.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic Relationships between Prostome and Colpodean Ciliates Tested by Small Subunit rRNA Sequences

Stechmann

Schlegel

1998

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 98%

Phylogenetic Relationships between Prostome and Colpodean Ciliates Tested by Small Subunit rRNA Sequences

Stechmann

Schlegel

1998

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…This kinetid has also been found in other taxa classically not considered colpodid and has been used to justify their transfer to this class. However, Bardele (1989) expressed doubts regarding the monophyly of the class Colpodea, pointing to diversity that he observed in freeze-fracture analyses of the intramembranous particle arrays in the ciliary membranes of taxa Fig. 3.…”

Section: Monophyly Of the Class Colpodeamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, ultrastructural data have provided evidence of colpodean somatic kinetids in ciliates previously placed in different classes but now considered to be colpodean: Cyrtolophosis (Detcheva 1976;Didier et al 1980), formerly an oligohymenophorean; Sorogena (Bardele et al 1991), formerly a kinetofragminophorean (Bradbury and Olive 1980); and Bursaria (Gerassimova et al 1979;Lynn 1980;Perez-Paniagua et al 1980; and Bryometopus (Wirnsberger et al 1985), formerly heterotrichid spirotricheans. Bardele (1989) expressed doubts about the monophyly of the class Colpodea because this assemblage of species showed diversity in the kinds of intramembranous particle arrays in their ciliary membranes, features Bardele (1989) considered strongly indicative of common ancestry. Thus, the characterization of the small subunit rRNA (SSrRNA) genes of additional genera, presented below, tests the monophyly suggested by the studies on somatic kinetid ultrastructure reported above and by the phylogenetic analysis of the SSrRNA gene sequences of Colpoda and Bursaria (Stechmann et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Relationships of Orders Within the Class Colpodea (Phylum Ciliophora) Inferred from Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences

et al. 1999

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Molecular analyses have been used recently to refine our knowledge of phylogenetic relationships within the ciliated protozoa (phylum Ciliophora). A current Hennigian phylogeny of the orders in the class Colpodea, based on light and electron microscopic analyses, makes three important assumptions with regard to apomorphic character states, namely, (1) that the kreyellid silver line evolved early in colpodean phylogeny, separating bryometopids, such as Bryometopus, from all other colpodeans; (2) that the macro-micronuclear complex is an autapomorphy of the cyrtolophosidids, such as Platyophrya; and (3) that merotelokinetal stomatogenesis is an apomorphic character of colpodids, such as Colpoda, Bresslaua, and Pseudoplatyophrya. These predictions of relationships within the class Colpodea were investigated by determining the complete small subunit rRNA gene sequences for the colpodid Bresslaua vorax, the grossglockneriid Pseudoplatyophrya nana, and the cyrtolophosidid Platyophrya vorax and a partial sequence for the bryometopid Bryometopus sphagni. These sequences were combined with the previously published complete SSrRNA sequences for the colpodid Colpoda inflata and the bursariomorphid Bursaria truncatella. The affiliations were assessed using both distance matrix and maximum-parsimony analyses. The tree topologies for the class Colpodea were identical in all analyses, with bootstrap support for bifurcations always exceeding 60%. The results suggest the following. (1) Since the clade including Bryometopus and its sister taxon, Bursaria, is never basal, the kreyellid silver-line system evolved later in colpodean phylogeny and does not separate bryometopids from all other colpodeans. (2) Since Platyophrya is always the sister taxon to the other five genera, there is a fundamental phylogenetic significance for its macro-micronuclear complex. (3) Since the colpodids, Colpoda, Bresslaua, and Pseudoplatyophrya, always group in one clade, merotelokinetal stomatogenesis appears to be a derived character state.

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“…On the other hand, bootstrap values are low for the molecular Metapus-Haptorida-relationship, and recent trees [47,51,561 show paraphyly or no relationship at all. In this situation, it is certainly of considerable interest to know whether the sequence data are supported by ontogenetic features, which are a powerful means to unravel relationships between higher systematic categories [3,7,241. Unfortunately, morphogenetic data are entirely lacking for metopids, while abundant and detailed investigations are available for haptorid gymnostomes [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and Morphogenesis of Metopus hasei Sondheim, 1929 and M. inversus (Jankowski, 1964) nov. comb. (Ciliophora, Metopida)

Foissner

1999

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

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The morphology and morphogenesis of Metopus hasei Sondheim, 1929 and M. inversus (Jankowski, 1964) n. comb, were investigated using live observation, silver impregnation, and scanning electron microscopy. Metopus has a spiral body organization and the ventral margin of the preoral dome bears five specialized ciliary rows, that form the so‐called perizonal stripe. Division is homothetogenic, occurs in freely motile (i. e. non‐encysted) condition, and includes a partial reorganization of the parental oral apparatus. During division, the complicated cell shape becomes ellipsoidal and all ciliary rows arrange meridionally. Stomatogenesis is entirely somatic (≅ pleurotelokinetal) and commences with the formation of kinetofragments in some dorsolateral kineties. The fragments become the opisthe's adoral membranelles, while the paroral membrane is generated by the left two perizonal ciliary rows, which proliferate kinetids intrakinetally. The perizonal stripe of the opisthe is generated by the three right parental perizonal kineties, which divide, and by two dorsolateral ciliary rows, which are added. The morphogenetic processes, especially the unique mode of formation of the paroral membrane, are used to define the order Metopida Jankowski, 1980 n. stat. more properly. The ontogenetic, ultrastructural, and sequence data available give no clear indication about metopid phylogeny, but definitely exclude metopids from the classical heterotrichs, with which they were classified for more than 100 years. Accordingly, we place the Metopida as incertae sedis in the subphylum Intramac‐ronucleata Lynn, 1996.

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From ciliate ontogeny to ciliate phylogeny: A program∗

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

Phylogenetic Relationships between Prostome and Colpodean Ciliates Tested by Small Subunit rRNA Sequences

Phylogenetic Relationships between Prostome and Colpodean Ciliates Tested by Small Subunit rRNA Sequences

Phylogenetic Relationships of Orders Within the Class Colpodea (Phylum Ciliophora) Inferred from Small Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences

Morphology and Morphogenesis of Metopus hasei Sondheim, 1929 and M. inversus (Jankowski, 1964) nov. comb. (Ciliophora, Metopida)

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