From cells to circuits: development of the zebrafish spinal cord

Lewis, Katharine E.; Eisen, Judith S

doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(03)00052-2

Cited by 186 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 313 publications

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“…We therefore looked at glial cells, the alternate fate most likely adopted by the precursors (Park et al, 2004), expecting a dramatic increase in this population. Because astrocytes are found only in adult zebrafish (Lewis and Eisen, 2003), we focused on radial glia and oligodendrocyte precursors, both found in the embryo (Appel et al, 2001;Park et al, 2002). We did not observe an obvious increase in Zrf-1-labeled radial glial cells (Trevarrow et al, 1990) (Fig.…”

Section: Kcc2 Overexpression Perturbs Neuronal Differentiation In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenic Role of the Depolarizing Chloride Gradient Revealed by Global Overexpression of KCC2 from the Onset of Development

Reynolds¹,

Brustein²,

Liao³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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GABA-and glycine-induced depolarization is thought to provide important developmental signals, but the role of the underlying chloride gradient has not been examined from the onset of development. We therefore overexpressed globally the potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in newly fertilized zebrafish embryos to reverse the chloride gradient. This rendered glycine hyperpolarizing in all neurons, tested at the time that motor behaviors (but not native KCC2) first appear. KCC2 overexpression resulted in fewer mature spontaneously active spinal neurons, more immature silent neurons, and disrupted motor activity. We observed fewer motoneurons and interneurons, a reduction in the elaboration of axonal tracts, and smaller brains and spinal cords. However, we observed no increased apoptosis and a normal complement of sensory neurons, glia, and progenitors. These results suggest that chloride-mediated excitation plays a crucial role in promoting neurogenesis from the earliest stages of embryonic development.

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Section: Kcc2 Overexpression Perturbs Neuronal Differentiation In Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurogenic Role of the Depolarizing Chloride Gradient Revealed by Global Overexpression of KCC2 from the Onset of Development

Reynolds¹,

Brustein²,

Liao³

et al. 2008

J. Neurosci.

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“…These patterns are confirmed for all cadm genes by ISH on sections at 24 and 48 hpf (not shown). Because many neurons in the spinal cord develop in a rostrocaudal gradient (Lewis and Eisen, 2003), it is probable that the cadm genes are important for a specific event during neuronal maturation.…”

Section: Expression Patterns Of Cadm Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the ventral domain comprises floor plate cells and motoneurons. The morphology, localization, and axon projections of zebrafish spinal cord neurons have been well described (Hale et al, 2001;Lewis and Eisen, 2003).…”

Section: Cadm Expression In the Developing Spinal Cordmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six cadm/synCAM genes are expressed in the nervous system of developing zebrafish

Pietri

Easley-Neal

Wilson

et al. 2007

Developmental Dynamics

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The Cadm (cell adhesion molecule) family of cell adhesion molecules (also known as IGSF4, SynCAM, Necl and TSLC) has been implicated in a multitude of physiological and pathological processes, such as spermatogenesis, synapse formation and lung cancer. The precise mechanisms by which these adhesion molecules mediate these diverse functions remain unknown. To investigate mechanisms of action of these molecules during development, we have identified zebrafish orthologs of Cadm family members and have examined their expression patterns during development and in the adult. Zebrafish possess six cadm genes. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis suggest that four of the zebrafish cadm genes represent duplicates of two tetrapod Cadm genes, whereas the other two cadm genes are single orthologs of tetrapod Cadm genes. All six zebrafish cadms are expressed throughout the nervous system both during development and in the adult. The spatial and temporal patterns of expression suggest multiple roles for Cadms during nervous system development. Developmental Dynamics 237:233-246, 2008.

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“…Zebrafish larvae, like larvae of other fish species, have a rapid escape response network formed by a small set of early-born primary neurons including the Mauthner neuron, which resides in the hindbrain and projects a large diameter axon contrallaterally down the spinal cord (Eaton et al, 2001;Korn and Faber, 2005). Numerous studies have addressed the genetic mechanisms that direct development of zebrafish primary neurons (Lewis and Eisen, 2003). More recently, zebrafish have begun to be used as a model for investigation of myelination (Brosamle and Halpern, 2002;Kirby et al, 2006;Pogoda et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

nkx2.2apromotes specification and differentiation of a myelinating subset of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in zebrafish

2008

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During development, multipotent neural precursors give rise to oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which migrate and divide to produce additional OPCs. Near the end of embryogenesis and during postnatal stages, many OPCs stop dividing and differentiate as myelinating oligodendrocytes, whereas others persist as nonmyelinating cells. Investigations of oligodendrocyte development in mice indicated that the Nkx2.2 transcription factor both limits the number of OPCs that are formed and subsequently promotes their differentiation, raising the possibility that Nkx2.2 plays a key role in determining myelinating versus nonmyelinating fate. We used in vivo time-lapse imaging and loss-of-function experiments in zebrafish to further explore formation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Our data show that newly specified OPCs are heterogeneous with respect to gene expression and fate. Whereas some OPCs express the nkx2.2a gene and differentiate as oligodendrocytes, others that do not express nkx2.2a mostly remain as nonmyelinating OPCs. Similarly to mouse, loss of nkx2.2a function results in excess OPCs and delayed oligodendrocyte differentiation. Notably, excess OPCs are formed as a consequence of prolonged OPC production from neural precursor cells. We conclude that Nkx2.2 promotes timely specification and differentiation of myelinating oligodendrocyte lineage cells from species representing different vertebrate taxa.

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From cells to circuits: development of the zebrafish spinal cord

Cited by 186 publications

References 313 publications

Neurogenic Role of the Depolarizing Chloride Gradient Revealed by Global Overexpression of KCC2 from the Onset of Development

Neurogenic Role of the Depolarizing Chloride Gradient Revealed by Global Overexpression of KCC2 from the Onset of Development

Six cadm/synCAM genes are expressed in the nervous system of developing zebrafish

nkx2.2apromotes specification and differentiation of a myelinating subset of oligodendrocyte lineage cells in zebrafish

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