From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's Wars in Gaza

Cohen, Raphael S.; Johnson, David E.; Thaler, David E.; Allen, Brenna; Bartels, Elizabeth M.; Cahill, James; Efron, Shira

doi:10.7249/rr1888

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…When the probability of collateral damage was higher because of urban area density around a relatively small target (such as an individual in a room or car), a commander might call on an Apache helicopter with a Hellfire missile because of its small warhead size compared with the larger munitions dropped by fixed-wing aircraft." See Cohen et al, 2017a, p. 146. 51 Huntley, 2016…”

Section: Implications For the Us Air Force And The Future Of Warfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Restraint and the Future of Warfare: The Changing Global Environment and Its Implications for the U.S. Air Force

Frederick¹,

Chandler²

2020

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This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of its research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors.

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Section: Implications For the Us Air Force And The Future Of Warfarementioning

confidence: 99%

Restraint and the Future of Warfare: The Changing Global Environment and Its Implications for the U.S. Air Force

Frederick¹,

Chandler²

2020

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“…Thus far, Israel has launched four horrific wars against the Gaza Strip, which have caused thousands of innocent people massacred and tens of thousands of houses and infrastructure demolished. These four brutal wars, namely the 2009 Operation Cast Lead, the 2012 Operation Pillar of Cloud (Cohen et al, 2017), the 2014 Operation Protective Edge (Pennington, 2020), and the 2021 Operation Guardian of the Walls (BBC, 2021) were justified by Israel as merely attempts to prevent the launching of missiles from Gaza to the southern areas of Israel (Cohen et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

War Crimes in Gaza Strip From Year 2008 2021: Individual Criminal Responsibility Under the Legal Framework of Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

Alashqar

Rahim

Aziz

2023

Journal of International Studies

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From the end of the year 2008 to 2021, Israel committed four wars in the Gaza Strip. These wars were known as Operation Cast Lead in2009, Operation Pillar of Cloud in 2012, Operation Protective Edge in 2014, and Operation Guardian of the Walls in 2021. The destructive impacts on vital facilities in Gaza, including schools, universities, mosques, hospitals, and United Nations Relief centers, as well as the killings of thousands of innocent civilians by Israeli forces, are visible evidence of a serious violation of the principle of distinction, a basic principle provided under the international humanitarian law conferring protection upon the civilians during armed conflicts. The accession of Palestine to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court on crimes. This paper aims to analyze the position of individual criminal responsibility committed during the above-mentioned wars, regulated under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and other relevant international conventions. In analyzing the data from primary and secondary sources, this paper applied doctrinal legal research and qualitative approaches. This paper concludes that the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court associated the individual criminal responsibility for war crimes by systematically determining the extentof participation, namely: (1) commission; (2) ordering/instigating; (3) assistance; and (4) contribution to a war crime as a group crime. Thus, Israeli military leaders ought to be held liable for the commission of war crimes in accordance with Article 8 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The pretexts of the Israeli occupation to be exempt from criminal responsibility should be rejected according to the state of legitimate defense.

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Postmodern Air Power and the Western Way of War

Osinga

2021

Handbook of Military Sciences

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Arguably, while the Western way of war has come to be defined and dominated by the employment of advanced airpower capabilities, how airpower is generated, which logic and considerations inform air operations, and which command processes are involved in planning and conducting air operations are generally poorly understood. Through the lens of the evolution of air warfare, this chapter offers a discussion of air operations: those activities that produce air power. Informed by a Western perspective, it traces the evolution of air power through the decades of interstate warfare to the first decade after the Cold War. These decades of experience spawned current procedures for conducting air operations. This is followed by an overview of developments since 9/11, showing how air operations are now effective in engaging small groups of non-state actors. It concludes with signifying what, as a result of advances in the past three decades, is currently considered the potential military and political value of precision age air operations.

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From Cast Lead to Protective Edge: Lessons from Israel's Wars in Gaza

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

Restraint and the Future of Warfare: The Changing Global Environment and Its Implications for the U.S. Air Force

Restraint and the Future of Warfare: The Changing Global Environment and Its Implications for the U.S. Air Force

War Crimes in Gaza Strip From Year 2008 2021: Individual Criminal Responsibility Under the Legal Framework of Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

Postmodern Air Power and the Western Way of War

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