From Buildings to Smart Buildings—Sensing and Actuation to Improve Energy Efficiency

Weng, Thomas; Agarwal, Yuvraj

doi:10.1109/mdt.2012.2211855

Cited by 126 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Factories and shopping malls can switch off lighting and air conditioning when not needed based on motion sensors, and airports can link their flight information databases to heating, lighting and air-conditioning systems at individual gates to restrict energy use to when gate areas are occupied (Mamidi et a., 2012). A study by Weng and Agarwal, (2012) designed an occupancy sensor that improves upon existing one in order to eliminate significant false positives (when the sensor detects a person, but no one is actually there) and false negatives (when a sensor fails to detect a person in the room). This sensor includes a magnetic reed switch that can determine when an office door is closed or open and based on this the light switch On/Off.…”

Section: Measures For Reducing Ghg Emissions From Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of sustainability in buildings

Abdellatif

Al-Shamma’a

2015

Sustainable Cities and Society

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Review of sustainability in buildingshttp://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/2205/ Article LJMU has developed LJMU Research Online for users to access the research output of the University more effectively. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LJMU Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain.The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of the record. Please see the repository URL above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. AbstractAt present, It is estimated that the building sector contributes up to 45% of annual greenhouse gas emissions primarily through the use of fossil fuels during their operational phase and consumes up to 40% of all energy in UK. Given the massive growth in new construction in economies in transition, and the inefficiencies of existing building stock, if nothing is done, greenhouse gas emissions from buildings will be more than double in the next 20 years. This is a review paper describe the extent and nature of sustainable buildings in UK, either within new or refurbishing old ones, in order to move away from traditional methods of construction and to look at multi-disciplinary and integrated approaches, as well as end-user perspectives.Key words: Built environment, climate change, energy-efficient buildings, GHG emissions. IntroductionToday, it is widely accepted that human activities are contributing to climate change. The Investing in achieving such results in the building sector also has the potential to boost the local economy and improve living conditions. Given the UK's commitment to cut GHG emissions by at least 80% by 2050 relative to 1990 levels, the government recently updated the details of its strategy and milestones for the next five years in its Carbon Plan. Energy efficiency measures in the UK have historically been primarily delivered by government-backed schemes and supplier obligation programmes (which set targets for energy suppliers) (Mallaburn & Eyre, 2014;Rosenow, 2012). However, to deliver projected energy efficiency measures in the future, the UK government has proposed a combination of market-based and government-regulated interventions, under the 'Green Deal' , the 'Energy Company Obligation' (DECC, 2012a) and 'Renewable Heat 3 Incentive (RHI)' . These schemes are designed to help people make energy efficiency improvements to buildings by allowing them to pay the costs through their energy bills rather than upfront. Research Problem and MethodThis study takes a brief look at the concept of sustainability in existing UK building through the review of relevant literature. It is aiming to present sustainable measures and to investigate how these measures would cont...

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Section: Measures For Reducing Ghg Emissions From Buildingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of sustainability in buildings

Abdellatif

Al-Shamma’a

2015

Sustainable Cities and Society

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“…avoid "soft" tiles). This then allows for accurate real-time occupancy mapping and occupancy driven smart building system control, which will lead to substantial energy savings (Agarwal et al 2010;Nguyen and Aiello 2013;Weng and Agarwal 2012). Most importantly, these savings are realized without using sensors which consume power themselves, as STEP Tech derives its energy from human motion.…”

Section: Outmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of the smart building, or a building that is aware of its occupancy and power consumption, can help in reducing the overall power draw of buildings (Nguyen and Aiello 2013). Specifically, significant improvements can be made in the highest power consuming building functions, such as HVAC and lighting, by controlling them in real-time based upon building occupancy information (Agarwal et al 2010;Weng and Agarwal 2012). However, the increased number of sensors necessary to realize the smart building concept can also lead to extra power draw and complexity in wiring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floor Tile Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wireless Occupancy Sensing

Sharpes

Vučković

Priya

2015

Energy Harvesting and Systems

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We investigate a concept that can reduce the overall power requirement of a smart building through improvements in the real-time control of HVAC and indoor lighting based on the building occupancy. The increased number of embedded sensors necessary to realize the smart building concept results in a complex wiring and power structure. We demonstrate a floor tile energy harvester for creating a wireless and self-powered occupancy sensor. This sensor termed as "Smart Tile Energy Production Technology (STEP Tech)" can be used to control automation in smart buildings such as lighting and climate control based upon the real-time building occupancy mapping. The sensor comprises of piezoelectric transducer, energy harvesting circuit and wireless communication. Modeling and optimization procedure for the piezoelectric cymbal transducer is described within the framework of tiles. The design and selection of a packaging technique and construction of a durable floor tile enclosure aimed at protecting the bulk piezoceramic is discussed within the constraint that the deflection of the tile should be minimal such that it is not readily perceivable by humans, thus not disturbing their gait. Experimental results demonstrate that the piezoelectric tile could provide a promising solution for wireless occupancy sensing.

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“…In addition to using 40% of global energy, 25% of global water, and 40% of global resources. Interestingly, because of the high energy consumption, buildings are also one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas production [38,22], but also offer the greatest potential for achieving significant greenhouse gas emission reductions, with numbers projected to increase [34,51]. For these reasons improving energy efficiency of buildings has received a lot of attention globally [52].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secure Data Sharing and Analysis in Cloud-Based Energy Management Systems

Anthi

Javed

Rana

et al. 2017

Cloud Infrastructures, Services, and IoT Systems for Smart Cities

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Abstract. Analysing data acquired from one or more buildings (through specialist sensors, energy generation capability such as PV panels or smart meters) via a cloud-based Local Energy Management System (LEMS) is increasingly gaining in popularity. In a LEMS, various smart devices within a building are monitored and/or controlled to either investigate energy usage trends within a building, or to investigate mechanisms to reduce total energy demand. However, whenever we are connecting externally monitored/controlled smart devices there are security and privacy concerns. We describe the architecture and components of a LEMS and provide a survey of security and privacy concerns associated with data acquisition and control within a LEMS. Our scenarios specifically focus on the integration of Electric Vehicles (EV) and Energy Storage Units (ESU) at the building premises, to identify how EVs/ESUs can be used to store energy and reduce the electricity costs of the building. We review security strategies and identify potential security attacks that could be carried out on such a system, while exploring vulnerable points in the system. Additionally, we will systematically categorize each vulnerability and look at potential attacks exploiting that vulnerability for LEMS. Finally, we will evaluate current counter measures used against these attacks and suggest possible mitigation strategies.

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From Buildings to Smart Buildings—Sensing and Actuation to Improve Energy Efficiency

Cited by 126 publications

References 11 publications

Review of sustainability in buildings

Review of sustainability in buildings

Floor Tile Energy Harvester for Self-Powered Wireless Occupancy Sensing

Secure Data Sharing and Analysis in Cloud-Based Energy Management Systems

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