Purpose of review:
Multiple classes of medications have been studied for the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) with or without
digital ischemia. The goal of this review is to discuss the outcomes of recent studies and to report on our approach to the
management of RP in light of the available evidence.
Recent findings:
Comparing treatments for RP remains a challenge as efficacy endpoint vary widely among trials. While calcium channel
blockers are used first-line in the pharmacologic management of RP, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors have also been shown to be
beneficial in reducing symptoms. In the setting of digital ischemia, administration of intravenous prostanoids is the standard
of care. Bosentan has shown benefit in the prevention of future ulcers in patients with scleroderma. Botulinum toxin therapy
was ineffective in a clinical trial involving scleroderma patients; more controlled studies are needed in other subsets of
patients. Digital sympathectomy may be beneficial in cases of critical digital ischemia, though recurrence of symptoms is
common.
Summary:
Comparative effectiveness studies are needed to determine which therapeutic interventions are most beneficial in
patients with RP. Based on the available evidence, we start with CCBs and add a phosphodiesterase inhibitor if symptoms are
not controlled, or intravenous prostacyclin in the setting of severe critical digital ischemia. We may additionally add an
endothelial receptor antagonist in cases of recurrent digital ulcers. A surgical sympathectomy may be used in refractory cases
of digital ischemia. A digital block may also be a less invasive, but temporary, intervention allowing for titration of
medical therapy.