From Black Muslim to Bilalian: The Evolution of a Movement

Mamiya, Lawrence H.

doi:10.2307/1385500

Cited by 50 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Thus schism is associated with both a perceived`change of essence ' and also with`lack of voice '. political parties (Husbands, 1988), nations (Hassan, 1993 ;Nwankwo & Ifejika, 1969), professional organisations (Savoye, 1981), social movements (Mamiya, 1982), sporting associations (Defrance, 1989), and even criminal organizations (Ajala, 1993). Such schisms can either be parochial or have implications way beyond the groups actually involved (the breakaway of the SDP from the Labour party fundamentally reshaped British politics, whereas the division of the Church of Rome from that of Constantinople in 1054 has had a global impact) ; they can either give birth to stable breakaway groups (as in the splitting of Pakistan from India and of Bangladesh from Pakistan) or to groups whose life is extremely precarious and short (the Republic of Biafra, which was born out of the secession of the Northern region of Nigeria from the Nigerian state, lasted only a few months).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contested identities and schisms in groups: Opposing the ordination of women as priests in the Church of England

Sani

Reicher

2000

British J Social Psychol

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Schisms constitute a common characteristic of human groups. Nevertheless, they have been neglected by social psychology, mainly because social psychological theories either dismiss group consensus or else depict groups as monolithic. This study proposes a social psychological approach to schism which integrates recent developments of self-categorization theory (SCT) with work on category argumentation. According to SCT, shared group identification leads to a process by which members should reach agreement. However, it is suggested that where members construe the positions of others as fundamentally altering group identity, then consensus is impossible. The corollary of assuming that groups will be consensual is that lack of consensus indicates the existence of different groups. This idea is examined through an analysis of a video and booklet produced for a rally organized by Forward in Faith, an organization opposed to the ordination of women as priests within the Church of England. It is shown that the existence of women priests is construed as changing the essence of the Church both on a structural level (by dividing it from the rest of the Christian community and turning it into a sect) and doctrinally. Such changes are seen as threatening the very existence of the Church of England and therefore demanding all out opposition. However, it is also shown that the decision of whether opponents fight the changes from inside the Church or by splitting from it depends upon the perception of whether they will be accorded the opportunity to advance their position from within. Thus schism is associated with both a perceived 'change of essence' and also with 'lack of voice'.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contested identities and schisms in groups: Opposing the ordination of women as priests in the Church of England

Sani

Reicher

2000

British J Social Psychol

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“…The book that reportedly contains this revelation is the Holy Quran (Hashim, 1991). Bilal Ibn Rabah, an African slave from Ethiopia, was brought to Saudi Arabia to assist Prophet Muhammad in the spreading of Al-Islam (Mamiya, 1982). Individuals who follow the Al-Islam religion are known as Muslims.…”

Section: The Religious Practice Of Al-islammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, Al-Islam means complete submission to the will of Allah. Much has been written about the impact of Al-Islam on the African American population (Burns, 1963;Jones, 1983;Lincoln, 1973;Mamiya, 1982;Shack, 1961;Thomas & Thomas, 1986). The majority of the research has focused on development of the Nation of Islam, which was founded by Wali Fard Muhammed and later headed by the Honorable Elijah Muhammed (El-Amin, 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

The Impact of Al‐Islam on the African American Population

Lumumba¹

2003

Counseling and Values

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At the beginning of the 21st century, there seems to be a growing interest in the Islamic religion, or Al-Islam. in the African American community. Thi s interest is evidenced by the recognition that Al-Islam i s the fastest growing religion in the United States. In some cases, Muslims outnumber some of the traditional religions in America. In addition, of the 5 million Muslims in the United States, approximately 40% are African Americans. Thi s article explores different aspects of Al-Islam, including the beliefs and religious practice of Muslims; the historical relationship among Africa, African Americans, and Al-Islam; and the current and future implications for African Americans.irst, it should be noted that the prefix AI in Al-Islam refers to Allah (Qazi, 1990). The word Islam is an Arabic word that means submission F and is derived from a word meaning peace. In addition, Al-Islam means complete submission to the will of Allah. Much has been written about the impact of

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“…Although, schismatic phenomena has been traditionally associated with religion (Sani & Reicher, 2000), they occur in many other types of groups, such as political parties (Sani & Reicher, 1998), nations (Bookman, 1994), professional organizations (Dyck & Starke, 1999) and social movements (Mamiya, 1982). Despite the diversity of contexts, these events were triggered by similar events, and followed the same course: at same point of the group history, some group members started to have conflicting ideas about the status quo and attempted to change it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research on schism in political parties (Sani & Reicher, 1998), religious association (Mamiya, 1982;Sani & Reicher, 2000) as well as management teams (Jackson, Brett, Sessa, Cooper, Julin & Peryronnin, 1991) further provided evidence of the impact of diversity on group scission. Based on interviews with members of the Italian Communist party, Sani and Reicher (1998) suggested that the schism occurred in the party in 1991 could be attributed to severe differences in opinions between different factions regarding what the party's position should be after the fall of the Soviet Regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phd Thesis: " How outraged reactions to intragroup threat affect group membership preference"

Mazzuca¹

2018

Preprint

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Whether we think about large-scale social groups (e.g. associations, clubs, and nations) or small-scale interpersonal group (e.g. close relationships, colleagues, and group of friends), the life cycle of any social group develops along a continuum that goes from its formation to its dissolution. Social psychology has concentrated almost exclusively on the processes that allow groups achieving oneness and uniformity, such as social identity and categorization process, and has given little attention to the phenomenon of group dissolution, the schism. Although the complexity of this process may have limited the research, schism is not a so rare phenomenon and the recent international events of Grexit, Brexit, and the separatism of Cataluña, have shown that it critically affects the society as a whole. Differently from the individual exit, the schism involves that individuals act as a (sub-) group, and as such it implies that an intragroup situation (the original group) become an intergroup situation (subgroups) where conflicts over essential aspects of the group identity stimulate a division between “us” and “them”. Although the social psychological model of schism in groups proposed by Sani (2005) has highlighted some necessary conditions of a schism, the link between the cause and the decision to leave a group is unclear as one cause may facilitate leaving for one member and not for another. Three studies examined the effect of (a) moral outrage and of (b) psychological disengagement on schismatic intention and identified the conditions under which these reactions lead minority group members to give up with their membership in a majority group. In the first two studies, a moderated mediational model of moral outrage was tested in the relationship between moral threat and intention to leave. In the third study, a mediational model of disengagement in the relationship between moral outrage and leaving intention was tested. Study 1 analysed the real-life event of Brexit (it was run few days before the referendum), and found moral outrage about maintain the membership in the EU, mediating the relationship between a moral threat (caused by PM, Cameron, defending EU position) and the intention to leave the EU. Study 2 (run nine months after the referendum) accounted for the change in leadership prototypicality after the Brexit results (Cameron resigned, and May become the new Prime Minister of UK) and confirmed the mediating role of outrage about staying in EU, and the decision to leave the EU. These two studies provided an initial evidence for the motivating role of moral outrage in pushing forward the defence of the minority identity (UK), at the expense of the membership in a superordinate identity (EU). Study 3, lend further support to the causal role of moral outrage on exit processes, by pointing to psychological disengagement as a mediator of such relationship. By manipulating two discrete components of moral outrage (anger and contempt were considered, because of their different social functions; see e.g. Roseman & Fisher, 2007), disengagement was found to differently predict the collective actions of voice and exit. In particular, results showed that the contempt component of outrage, rather than the anger component, triggered individual’s intention to give up with their membership in the majority group, and this relationship was fully mediated by psychologically disengagement. Directions for future research and implementations of the findings of the current research are discussed according to schism theory and intergroup conflict processes.

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From Black Muslim to Bilalian: The Evolution of a Movement

Cited by 50 publications

References 6 publications

Contested identities and schisms in groups: Opposing the ordination of women as priests in the Church of England

Contested identities and schisms in groups: Opposing the ordination of women as priests in the Church of England

The Impact of Al‐Islam on the African American Population

Phd Thesis: " How outraged reactions to intragroup threat affect group membership preference"

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