From Bench to Bedside: Alpha-defensin—The Biggest Thing in Joint Replacement Infections Since Prophylactic Antibiotics?

Potter, Benjamin K.

doi:10.1007/s11999-015-4297-7

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nonetheless, in addition to therapeutic development for viral infections, defensins have also been developed in the context of bacterial and fungal infections, as well as cancer (170,171). Finally, because their expression is associated with some pathologies, defensins have been explored as biomarkers (172).…”

Section: Therapeutic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensins in Viral Infection and Pathogenesis

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

α, β, and θ defensins are effectors of the innate immune system with potent antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activity. Defensins have direct antiviral activity in cell culture, with varied mechanisms for individual viruses, although some common themes have emerged. In addition, defensins have potent immunomodulatory activity that can alter innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection. In some cases, there is evidence for paradoxical escape from defensin neutralization or enhancement of viral infection. The direct and indirect activities of defensins have led to their development as therapeutics and vaccine components. The major area of investigation that continues to lag is the connection between the effects of defensins in cell culture models and viral pathogenesis in vivo. Model systems to study defensin biology, including more physiologic models designed to bridge this gap, are also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Therapeutic Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defensins in Viral Infection and Pathogenesis

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Synovial biomarkers of inflammation used to diagnose suspected PJI include elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte esterase, alpha-defensin, human beta-defensin-2 (HBD-2), HBD-3, and cathelicidin LL-37 (9)(10)(11). However, these biomarkers fail to identify the cause of inflammation (infectious or noninfectious) and, if infectious, the microbe(s) responsible for the inflammation (12,13). In addition, traditional microbial techniques of culturing intraoperative purulence or wound swabs on agar are unreliable, untimely, or ineffectual for cultivating biofilms (14,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel and Rapid Antibody-Based Diagnostic for Chronic Staphylococcus aureus Infections Based on Biofilm Antigens

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prosthetic joint infections are difficult to diagnose and treat due to biofilm formation by the causative pathogens. Pathogen identification relies on microbial culture that requires days to weeks, and in the case of chronic biofilm infections, lacks sensitivity. Diagnosis of infection is often delayed past the point of effective treatment such that only the removal of the implant is curative. Early diagnosis of an infection based on antibody detection might lead to less invasive, early interventions. Our study examined antibody-based assays against the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm-upregulated antigens SAOCOL0486 (a lipoprotein), glucosaminidase (a domain of SACOL1062), and SACOL0688 (the manganese transporter MntC) for detection of chronic S. aureus infection. We evaluated these antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using sera from naive rabbits and rabbits with S. aureus-mediated osteomyelitis, and then we validated a proof of concept for the lateral flow assay (LFA). The SACOL0688 LFA demonstrated 100% specificity and 100% sensitivity. We demonstrated the clinical diagnostic utility of the SACOL0688 antigen using synovial fluid (SF) from humans with orthopedic implant infections. Elevated antibody levels to SACOL0688 in clinical SF specimens correlated with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity for the diagnosis of S. aureus infection by ELISA. We found measuring antibodies levels to SACOL0688 in SF using ELISA or LFA provides a tool for the sensitive and specific diagnosis of S. aureus prosthetic joint infection. Development of the LFA diagnostic modality is a desirable, cost-effective option, potentially providing rapid readout in minutes for chronic biofilm infections.

show abstract

From Bench to Bedside: Alpha-defensin—The Biggest Thing in Joint Replacement Infections Since Prophylactic Antibiotics?

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Defensins in Viral Infection and Pathogenesis

Defensins in Viral Infection and Pathogenesis

Development of a Novel and Rapid Antibody-Based Diagnostic for Chronic Staphylococcus aureus Infections Based on Biofilm Antigens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About