“…Despite programming being very important to a Computing student, it is the one element of the Computing syllabus that is the hardest to teach and the hardest for students to learn (Apiola & Tedre, 2012;Bennedsen & Caspersen, 2008;Chetty & Barlow-Jones, 2014;Dekhane, Xu, & Tsoi, 2013;Dolgopolovas, Jevsikova, & Dagiene, 2017;Kalelioğlu, 2015;Ma, Ferguson, Roper, & Wood, 2011;Mladenović, Boljat, & Žanko, 2017;Robins et al, 2003;Sáez-López, Román-González, & Vázquez-Cano, 2016;Thomsen, 2008). In fact, at higher levels of education, programming courses have one of the highest dropout rates globally (Dekhane et al, 2013;Robins et al, 2003).…”