“…In retailing companies, dysfunctional and unethical problems, such as free riding on the system's brand reputation, are major concerns (Kidwell et al, 2007). As a response to external stakeholders' negative reactions to potential unethical behavior retail companies, as well as marketing professionals and salespeople have introduced ethical codes and ethical programs (e.g., Demuijnck, 2009;Grisaffe and Jaramillo, 2007;McLaren, 2000;Preble and Hoffman, 1999;Robin and Reidenbach, 1987). Parallel to this trend, there is vast research showing how ethical codes and programs will affect adoption of ethical values and enhance ethical decision making and behavior (Hosmer, 1994;Hunt and Vitell, 2006;Ingram et al, 2007;Weaver et al 1999a, b).…”