From Adipose Tissue Protein Secretion to Adipopharmacology of Disease

Adipoparacrinology: an Emerging Field in Biomedical Research

“…As indicated above, the expansion of adipose tissue seen in obesity is associated with adipose tissue inflammation, leading to an imbalanced secretion including (i) an enhanced release of pro-inflammatory adipokines, and (ii) a decreased release of anti-inflammatory adipokines (Table 3) as well as (iii) a dysbalance in contractile and relaxing factors released from PAAT (Table 4). Such a yin-and-yang pattern of cell secretion requires research aiming at (i) the inhibition of secretion and/or receptor sensitivity of pro-inflammatory and vasocontractile adipose-derived mediators, and (ii) the stimulation of secretion and/or receptor sensitivity of anti-inflammatory and vasorelaxing adipose-derived mediators (1,3,(31)(32)(33). It is noteworthy that the removal of PAAT enhances neointima formation after injury, which is attenuated by transplantation of subcutaneous adipose tissue (33).…”

“…The name "adipokines" carries a more accurate message than the name "adipocytokines" ("adipocyto-kines" or "adipocytokines"), because the term "adipokines", as introduced in 2000 (1), embodies the proteins secreted by both adipocytes and non-adipocyte cell types of WAT as well as both the cytokine and non-cytokine proteins (1)(2)(3). At functional levels, adipokines are linked to a myriad of biological functions in health and disease, beyond lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.…”

Autologous Fat Grafting - Factors of Influence on the Therapeutic Results

“…Unlike the mature adipose cells, preadipocytes have the ability to divide and proliferate into adipocytes and thus are realizing the process of adipogenesis, now recognized to extend throughout life (Atanassova, 2000;Dugail, Ferre, 2002;Casteilla et al, 2004) Nowadays, the growing knowledge on the complexity of adipose structure and functions revealed great potentials of influence on surgical results. Though fat tissue was initially accepted as passive energy storage, it is now clear that it is a major endocrine and paracrine organ producing a variety of hormones and signalling molecules, generally referred to as adipokines (Mohamed-Ali et al, 1998;Fruhbeck et al, 2001;Chaldakov et al, 2006;Tore at al., 2007). Leptin is recognized as a hormone of great importance for the process of auto regulation, assimilation of nutritional sources, puberty and fertility (Zhang et al, 1994, Montague et al, 1997Lafontan, Bouloumie, 1999).…”

“…NGF is a pentameric protein complex which neutrophic activities are mediated by the tyrosine kinase A (trkA) -high affinity receptor, specific for NGF and p75 -non-specific, low affinity receptor. Its expression in adipocytes is associated with wound healing and plasticity (Tore at al., 2007) and it exerts metabotrophic effect on glucose, lipid and energy homeostasis as well as antilipolytic, lipogenic and angiogenic effects (Emanueli et al, 2002;Hansen-Algensteadt et al, 2006). Moreover, NGF has an indirect effect on fat cells viability, proliferation and differentiation (Peeraully et al, 2004).…”

Birth weight and metabolic risk in women of different nutrition levels

“…The incidence of obesity reaches epidemic proportions -according to current data of the World Health Organization, more than one billion people are considered to be overweight, while 400 million people are considered to be obese [1][2][3]. The incidence of obesity reaches epidemic proportions -according to current data of the World Health Organization, more than one billion people are considered to be overweight, while 400 million people are considered to be obese [1][2][3].…”