From a black to a gray box — a mass balance interpretation of pedogenesis

Chadwick, Oliver A.; Brimhall, George H.; Hendricks, D. M.

doi:10.1016/0169-555x(90)90012-f

Cited by 411 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Open-system mass transport is quantifiable in the present samples because the parent material is homogenous (Rio Blanco quartz diorite), of uniform age (Tertiary), and contains a relatively inert component (Ti) that is present in both the parent and product material (Chadwick et al, 1990). Because saprolite is isovolumetrically weathered rock, volumetric strain (change in volume as a result of stress), calculated on the basis of an assumed immobile element, should be near-zero.…”

Section: Mass Transfer Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering of the Rio Blanco quartz diorite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Coupling oxidation, dissolution, and fracturing

Buss

Sak

Webb

et al. 2008

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

206

146

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Section: Mass Transfer Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weathering of the Rio Blanco quartz diorite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Coupling oxidation, dissolution, and fracturing

Buss

Sak

Webb

et al. 2008

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

206

146

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…We used Ti as 291 a tracer. The derivation of mass-balance equations and their application to pedologic processes were 292 discussed in detail by Brimhall and Dietrich (1987) and Chadwick et al (1990), and revised by Egli 293 and Fitze (2000). 294 Volumetric changes that occur during pedogenesis were determined by adopting the classical 295 definition of strain,  i,w (Brimhall and Dietrich, 1987): 296 -10 -where C j,p (kg/t) is the concentration of element j in protolith (e.g., unweathered parent material, 302 bedrock), C j,w is the concentration of element j in the weathered product (kg/t), and  p and  w 303 represents the bulk density (t/m 3 ) of the protolith and the weathered soil, respectively.…”

Section: Calculation Of Weathering Rates 288mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined use of relative and absolute dating techniques for detecting signals of Alpine landscape evolution during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene

et al. 2009

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Combined use of relative and absolute dating techniques for detecting signals of Alpine landscape evolution during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene Abstract A combination of three relative and two absolute(numerical) dating techniques, applied on nine soil profiles in an Alpine environment located in Val di Rabbi (Trentino, Northern Italy), was used to improve the investigation methodology of Alpine sites in response to climate change and to reconstruct the chronology of late Pleistocene and early Holocene landscape evolution. The degree of podzolisation, clay mineral evolution and the element mass balances of each site were investigated. Furthermore, the stable fraction of the soil organic matter (SOM) was extracted with 10% H2O2 and 14C-dated. The age of the organic residues was compared with the age of charcoal fragments found in one of the studied soils and with the age of rock boulders obtained by surface exposure dating (SED) with cosmogenic 10Be. Numerical dating and weathering characteristics of the soils showed a fairly good agreement and enabled a relative and absolute differentiation of landscape elements. The combination of 14C-dating of SOM and SED indicated that deglaciation processes in Val di Rabbi were already far advanced by around 14000 cal BP and that glacier oscillations affected the highest part of the region until about 9000 cal BP. The development of clay minerals is time-dependent and reflects weathering intensity. We found a close link between secondary clay minerals like smectite or vermiculite and soil age as obtained by the dating of the organic residues after the H2O2 treatment. Calculated element mass balances strongly correlated with the ages derived from 14C measurements. Old soils have lost a major part of base cations (up to 75% compared to the parent material), Fe and Al, which indicates a continuous high weathering intensity. Results of the chemical and mineralogical analyses were in good agreement with numerical dating techniques, showing the dynamics of an Alpine landscape within a relatively small area. The combination of relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising tool for the reconstruction of landscape history in high-elevation Alpine areas on siliceous substrates.

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“…Long-term weathering rates of soils were derived using immobile element contents [56][57][58]. Ti was used as an immobile element.…”

Section: Soils and Weathering Lossesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

Böhlert

Compeer

Egli

et al. 2011

TOGEOGJ

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To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP. Abstract: To exploit the potential of rock glaciers as indicators of past climate condition it is first necessary to date them. The combined application of both relative and absolute dating techniques is a promising approach. In this study, we present Schmidt-hammer rebound value measurements and weathering rind thicknesses on four active and one relict rock glacier in the Albula area of the eastern Swiss Alps. Associated landforms such as the moraines in front of rock glaciers and glacially polished bedrock also were used to set up the temporal framework. This was done using soil chemical analyses, radiocarbon dating of the stable fraction of soil organic matter and surface exposure dating of boulders. Schmidt-hammer and weathering rind measurements showed, in most cases, well-pronounced trends with increasing surface ages. These values are in line with measurements from other nearby rock glaciers with comparable lithologies. Use of this information together with the numeric ages makes it possible to derive two main activity phases: one started soon after the ice retreat following the Younger Dryas, the main activity occurred most likely in the early Holocene and lasted approximately until the Holocene climate optimum. The second activity phase continues today and had an unclear start between 10 to 6 cal ky BP.

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From a black to a gray box — a mass balance interpretation of pedogenesis

Cited by 411 publications

References 19 publications

Weathering of the Rio Blanco quartz diorite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Coupling oxidation, dissolution, and fracturing

Weathering of the Rio Blanco quartz diorite, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico: Coupling oxidation, dissolution, and fracturing

Combined use of relative and absolute dating techniques for detecting signals of Alpine landscape evolution during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene

A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas

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