From 5G to 6G—Challenges, Technologies, and Applications

Salameh, Ahmed I.; Tarhuni, Mohamed El

doi:10.3390/fi14040117

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 146 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Hence, this research will focus on security issues on cell-free architecture for the ultra-dense environment, more specifically it will be dealing with mitigating communication attacks using multifactor authentication scheme assisted with blockchain technology. This research work is the extension of our previous works, where we proposed lightweight multifactor authentication scheme for cellular networks specifically 5G, and trust-based blockchain architecture for VANET, where we mitigate major communication attacks using blockchain technology [12], [13]. In this research work, we enhance our previous security schemes to address security issues in cell free 6G environment by integrating blockchain with lightweight multifactor authentication scheme [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…At this point, UE also get its private key through PKI procedure (from certificate authority (CA)). During the message preparation phase, after receiving public and private keys, onetime password must be created as challenge using blindfold challenge scheme [12], [53]. Then timestamps are generated, and hash is computed for timestamps.…”

Section: B Development Of 6-cmas Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blockchain-Based Lightweight Multifactor Authentication for Cell-Free in Ultra-Dense 6G-Based (6-CMAS) Cellular Network

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cell-Free mMIMO is a part of technology that will be integrated with future 6G ultradense cellular networks to ensure unlimited wireless connectivity and ubiquitous latency-sensitive services. Cell-Free gained researchers' interest as it offers ubiquitous communication with large bandwidth, high throughput, high data transmission, and greater signal gain. Cell-Free eliminates the idea of cell boundary in cellular communication that reduces frequent handover and inter-cell interference issues. However, the effectiveness of the current authentication protocol could become a serious issue due to the dynamic nature of Cell-Free in densely distributed, high number of users, high mobility, and frequent data exchange. Secondly, secure communication may be achieved in such a dynamic environment at the expense of high authentication overhead, high communication and computational costs. To address the above security challenges, we proposed a lightweight multifactor mutual authentication protocol for Cell-Free communication using ECC-based Deffie Hellman (ECDH). This scheme utilizes timestamping, one-way hash function, Blind-Fold Challenge scheme with public key infrastructure. The proposed cryptosystem integrates with blockchain technology using proof of staked (POS) as a consensus mechanism to ensure integrity, nonrepudiation and traceability. The proposed scheme can enforce the mitigation of several major security attacks on communication links such as spoofing attacks, eavesdropping, user location privacy issues, replay attacks, denial of service attacks, and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, which is one of the significant features of the scheme. Furthermore, this scheme contributes to reducing authentication, communication, and computational overheads with an average of 32.8%, 52.4% and 53.2% better performance respectively as compared baseline authentication protocols.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: B Development Of 6-cmas Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Based Lightweight Multifactor Authentication for Cell-Free in Ultra-Dense 6G-Based (6-CMAS) Cellular Network

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The advances in 5G technology and the expansive research in 6G technology have led to a potential increase in the scalability of IoT networks by a factor of 500 compared to the existing 4G technology. The recent progress in this direction helps achieve transmission rates that are 10 times greater than those in the LTE network [ 1 , 2 ]. The expansion of the IoT network is the primary reason why constrained devices, such as sensors, RFIDs, and other smart devices, are likely to play a significant role in accessing and transferring essential information [ 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Analysis and Comparison of New Hybrid TLI-µTESLA and Variant TESLA Protocols Using SHA-2 and SHA-3 Hash Functions

Eledlebi

Alzubaidi²,

Yeun³

et al. 2022

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evolution of 5G and 6G networks has enhanced the ability of massive IoT devices to provide real-time monitoring and interaction with the surrounding environment. Despite recent advances, the necessary security services, such as immediate and continuous authentication, high scalability, and cybersecurity handling of IoT cannot be achieved in a single broadcast authentication protocol. This paper presents a new hybrid protocol called Hybrid Two-level µ-timed-efficient stream loss-tolerant authentication (Hybrid TLI-µTESLA) protocol, which maximizes the benefits of the previous TESLA protocol variants, including scalability support and immediate authentication of Multilevel-µTESLA protocol and continuous authentication with minimal computation overhead of enhanced Inf-TESLA protocol. The inclusion of three different keychains and checking criteria of the packets in the Hybrid TLI-µTESLA protocol enabled resistance against Masquerading, Modification, Man-in-the-Middle, Brute-force, and DoS attacks. A solution for the authentication problem in the first and last packets of the high-level and low-level keychains of the Multilevel-µTESLA protocol was also proposed. The simulation analysis was performed using Java, where we compared the Hybrid TLI-µTESLA protocol with other variants for time complexity and computation overhead at the sender and receiver sides. We also conducted a comparative analysis between two hash functions, SHA-2 and SHA-3, and assessed the feasibility of the proposed protocol in the forthcoming 6G technology. The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed protocol over other variants in terms of immediate and continuous authentication, scalability, cybersecurity, lifetime, network performance, and compatibility with 5G and 6G IoT generations.

show abstract

“…As a result, AI-based channel estimation approaches surpass the limitations of conventional methods, providing a high degree of estimation accuracy and improving communication systems performance [24]. AI-aided channel estimation studies are relevant to B5G/6G communications since AI itself is considered one of the foundations of future 6G networks [25,26]. Moreover, B5G/6G networks are expected to operate in millimeter and terahertz frequencies to overcome bandwidth limitations and provide higher throughput.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, B5G/6G networks are expected to operate in millimeter and terahertz frequencies to overcome bandwidth limitations and provide higher throughput. Hence, future radio communication systems will meet channels with grown complexity due to the increased attenuation (including the rain attenuation) and the high atmospheric absorption rates [25][26][27][28][29]. Beyond that, other required key technologies for B5G/6G, such as massive MIMO (mMIMO) and channel bandwidth improvement, will enlarge the transceiver's complex architecture and introduce new challenges to channel estimation [24,[29][30][31].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial intelligence for channel estimation in multicarrier systems for B5G/6G communications: a survey

Boas

Silva

Figueiredo

et al. 2022

J Wireless Com Network

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Multicarrier modulation allows for deploying wideband systems resilient to multipath fading channels, impulsive noise, and intersymbol interference compared to single-carrier systems. Despite this, multicarrier signals suffer from different types of distortion, including channel noise sources and long- and short-term fading. Consequently, the receiver must estimate the channel features and compensate it for data recovery based on channel estimation techniques, such as non-blind, blind, and semi-blind approaches. These techniques are model-based and designed with accurate mathematical channel models encompassing their features. Nevertheless, complex environments challenge accurate mathematical channel estimation modeling, which might neither be accurate nor correspond to reality. This impairment decreases the system performance due to the channel estimation accuracy loss. Fortunately, (AI) algorithms can learn the relationship among different system variables using a model-driven or model-free approach. Thereby, AI algorithms are used for channel estimation by exploiting its complexity without unrealistic assumptions, following a better performance than conventional techniques under the same channel. Hence, this paper comprehensively surveys AI-based channel estimation for multicarrier systems. First, we provide essential background on conventional channel estimation techniques in the context of multicarrier systems. Second, the AI-aided channel estimation strategies are investigated using the following approaches: classical learning, neural networks, and reinforcement learning. Lastly, we discuss current challenges and point out future research directions based on recent findings.

show abstract

From 5G to 6G—Challenges, Technologies, and Applications

Cited by 61 publications

References 146 publications

Blockchain-Based Lightweight Multifactor Authentication for Cell-Free in Ultra-Dense 6G-Based (6-CMAS) Cellular Network

Blockchain-Based Lightweight Multifactor Authentication for Cell-Free in Ultra-Dense 6G-Based (6-CMAS) Cellular Network

Simulation Analysis and Comparison of New Hybrid TLI-µTESLA and Variant TESLA Protocols Using SHA-2 and SHA-3 Hash Functions

Artificial intelligence for channel estimation in multicarrier systems for B5G/6G communications: a survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About