Frogeye leaf spot caused by Cercospora sojina: A review

Abstract

Frogeye leaf spot (FLS), caused by Cercospora sojina, is an economically important disease of soybean in many parts of the world where soybean is grown, including the United States and Argentina. Yield losses caused by FLS epidemics are mainly due to reduced photosynthetic leaf area, premature defoliation and reduced seed weight. Epidemics may be initiated from inoculum produced on infected plant residue where the pathogen can overwinter for up to two years. Many questions relating to population biology, genetic variability and pathotype structure remain unanswered. Race designations for C. sojina are under debate since the use of the 12 soybean differentials has produced inconsistent numbers of races in separate studies. Although a sexual stage for C. sojina has not been observed in either field or laboratory conditions, equal proportion of mating-type loci and high genotypic diversity suggest that populations of C. sojina are most likely to be undergoing cryptic sexual reproduction. Management practices for this disease include the use of cultivars with partial or complete resistance (Rcs genes), cultural practices (crop rotation and tillage) and foliar fungicide applications. However, resistance to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides (caused by the G143A mutation in the Cytochrome b gene) has been reported since 2010, and resistant populations have become widespread across more than 20 soybean-producing states in the U.S. This review provides detailed information on the taxonomy, identification and genetic diversity of the pathogen. It also summarizes epidemiological aspects and strategies to combat this increasing threat to soybean crops worldwide.

Multi-Class Recognition of Soybean Leaf Diseases using a Conv-LSTM Model

“…In [5] This "refers to the initial dataset containing images of soybean leaves, with each image labeled according to its disease status" (e.g., Caterpillar, /Diacritical speciosa, and Healthy).…”

Eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole), a monoterpene oxide with potential for protecting soybean crops against insect pests and phytopathogenic fungi

“…MW Gardner, Cercospora sojina K Hara, and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. are phytopathogenic fungi responsible for various diseases in soybeans (Barro et al 2023;Billah et al 2017;Bhamra and Borah 2022;Hartman et al 1999;Sautua et al 2019). So far, the potential of eucalyptol as a prospective active compound in biopesticide formulations for controlling the mentioned insects and phytopathogenic fungi is limited.…”

Prevalence, Pathogenicity and Physiological Studies of Cercospora tageticola Ellis and Everhart Causing Leaf Spot in Marigold

“…Worldwide production of floriculture is challenging due to the lethal biotic stress known as Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), which is caused by the fungus Cercospora spp. Cercospora is one of the largest genera in the Hyphomycetes family, mostly infects the aerial parts of its host plants quite prevalent and extremely destructive across the nation (Haque et al, 2013;Barro et al, 2023;Azevedo et al, 2017). The majority of the primary flora including cereals, pulses, vegetables, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants and woods are affected by leaf spots caused by Cercospora species (Crous and Braun, 2003;Groenewald et al, 2013;Bakhshi et al, 2015;Kang et al, 2019;Gupta, 2022).…”