Friends: The Role of Peer Influence Across Adolescent Risk Behaviors

Maxwell, Kimberly A.

doi:10.1023/a:1015493316865

Cited by 396 publications

(319 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Given the strength of the pathways from prototype similarity to intention and behaviour, this construct may play an important role in predicting and explaining intention and behaviour, perhaps above the role of prototype favourability. This finding may reflect social and peer influences on behaviour that have been found in the literature (Jaccard, Blanton, & Dodge, 2005;Maxwell, 2002). Although there were insufficient studies to investigate the prototype similarity associations for separate behaviours or age categories, this would be interesting to explore in the future.…”

mentioning

confidence: 74%

Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: a meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model

Todd

Kothe

Mullan

et al. 2014

Health Psychology Review

114

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The prototype willingness model (PWM) was designed to extend expectancy-value models of health behaviour by also including a heuristic, or social reactive pathway, to better explain health-risk behaviours in adolescents and young adults. The pathway includes prototype; i.e., images of a typical person who engages in a behaviour; and willingness to engage in behaviour.The current study describes a meta-analysis of predictive research using the PWM, and explores the role of the heuristic pathway and intentions in predicting behaviour. Eighty-one studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, the PWM was supported and explained 20.5% of the variance in behaviour. Willingness explained 4.9% of the variance in behaviour over and above intention, although intention tended to be more strongly related to behaviour than was willingness. The strength of the PWM relationships tended to vary according to the behaviour being tested, with alcohol consumption being the behaviour best explained. Age was also an important moderator, and, as expected, PWM behaviour was best accounted for within adolescent samples. Results were heterogeneous even after moderators were taken into consideration. This meta-analysis provides support for the PWM and may be used to inform future interventions that can be tailored for at-risk populations.Key Words: prototype willingness model; meta-analysis; health behaviour; health models REASONED VERSUS REACTIVE PREDICTION 3Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: A meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model RationaleMany illnesses and diseases are at least partly attributable to the performance or nonperformance of health-risk or health-enhancing behaviours (World Health Organization: WHO, 2009). Investigating reasons for engaging or not engaging in these behaviours is a major area of interest for health psychologists, and many theoretical models have been proposed to explain such behaviours. Models often concentrate on social-cognitive aspects of behaviour, as these aspects tend to be malleable (Conner & Norman, 1996), and indeed such expectancy-value models dominate the literature (Gerrard, Gibbons, Houlihan, Stock, & Pomery, 2008). These models assume that health-related behaviour is planned, by a process of weighing up the costs and benefits of behavioural outcomes.Expectancy-value models such as the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), and its precursor the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) place intention as the most proximal determinant of volitional behaviour (Ajzen, 1991). The TPB and TRA have been used to predict a range of behaviours; however, these models tend to predict intention better than behaviour (Armitage & Conner, 2001), and the relatively weak relationship between intention and behaviour indicates that individuals do not always act as they intend (Sheeran, 2002).A number of dual-process models have also received attention in the literature; for example, Fuzzy Trace Theory (Rivers, Reyna, & Mills, 2008), Cognitive Experiential Self Theory (Epstein, 1985), and within ...

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mentioning

confidence: 74%

Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: a meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model

Todd

Kothe

Mullan

et al. 2014

Health Psychology Review

114

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“…When exploring the effect of social systems on adolescents, it is important to take into account the influence of the surrounding peer group (Hartup, 1996;Maxwell, 2002). It seems that the same two aspects, by which the family resilience is perceived, can also be used in explaining the role of peer group: (1) FriendsÕ support which is characterized by the presence of the friends and their willingness share their feelings and thoughts regarding the stressful situation as well as to encourage their peers and (2) the level of stress each teenager attributes to his/her friends and others in the community (Cairns & Dawes, 1996;Hartup, 1996).…”

Section: Social Systems As Resources Of Coping With Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teenagers Response to Threat of War and Terror: Gender and the Role of Social Systems

Skrzypek

Kimhi

2007

Community Ment Health J

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This study focuses on the role of gender and the way social systems (family and friends' support, stress attributed to parents, friends and others in the community) are perceived in contributing to the reaction to stressors of war and threat of terror among teenagers living in Israel along the Lebanese border. The study was implemented shortly after Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon with a sample of 353 teenagers. The study is based on the teenagers' self-report. The results reveals the following: (a) gender relates significantly to level of stress but not to general life satisfaction; (b) stress attributed to the parents and to the peers has a greater contribution to the level of stress than the supportive family atmosphere and peer support; (c) stress attributed to the parents and peers was found to be a mediator between gender and level of stress; (d) supportive family atmosphere was found to be a mediator between gender and one measurement of stress, while peer support was not found to have any mediating role. Special attention is given to the finding that stress attributed to parents and friends has greater significance than the support provided by them.

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“…There were large similarities between the integrated models for boys and girls, with the influence of substance use dominating and a moderate influence of school adjustment, while mental symptoms were not included. Adolescents are influenced by their friends' activities [4,6]. Several studies of adolescent males and females have reported a positive correlation between age at first intercourse and age when drinking began [45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The factors can also be relationship-oriented. In the timing of sexual debut the adolescents can be influenced by their parents attitudes and by their close friends' attitudes and activities [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Sexuality is socially constructed [8][9][10], created in the socializing and sexualizing process during childhood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexuality of 15/16-Year-Old Girls and Boys With and Without Modest Disabilities

2009

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Girls and boys with disabilities, 15-16 years of age, report a significantly higher rate of sexual debut than adolescents with no disabilities. In a society where a young person with a disability often is considered to have an essentially asexual status, there can be several fronts for adolescents to fight. The survey Life and Health-Young People 2005 was completed by 3,084 adolescents attending mainstream schools in Sweden. In this study the sexual debut in girls and boys with and without disabilities is related to mental health, school exposure and substance use. Our findings might be explained by a mechanism of identity construction from the adolescents' ideas of normality and by a battle for acceptance and confirmation of life. The ideas of normality can be erroneous but still influence the adolescents' sexual activity. Multivariate analyses also showed that the relationship between sex and substance use is strong among all adolescents.

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Friends: The Role of Peer Influence Across Adolescent Risk Behaviors

Cited by 396 publications

References 40 publications

Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: a meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model

Reasoned versus reactive prediction of behaviour: a meta-analysis of the prototype willingness model

Teenagers Response to Threat of War and Terror: Gender and the Role of Social Systems

Sexuality of 15/16-Year-Old Girls and Boys With and Without Modest Disabilities

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