“…Loading-induced crack closure is observed when external loads (shear, tension, compression, thermal and combination of them) cause the mixed-mode loading conditions near a crack with compression and shear stresses. Geometry-induced closure is due to a specific shape of cracks, e.g., zig-zag and kinked cracks [16][17][18], curvilinear cracks [19], or due to interaction among cracks, defects and boundaries of elastic body with cracks, see, e.g., [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Crack closure can be due to material inhomogeneity such as well-known interface cracks between two different materials [21].…”