“…[3][4][5] The latter makes it possible to reduce greatly the solubility of carbon and alloying elements in the α-phase, prevent dissociation of carbides and, consequently, the formation of the shiny rings. The application of the superplasticity effect in the R6M5 steel in friction welding with steel 45 shows that in the structural steel, the effect of plastic deformation results in refining of grains, spheroidsation of plate-shaped cementite and the fraction of carbides in the zone of the welded joint is close to the initial fraction.…”