Friction, Wear, and Lubrication Studies of Alcohol-Fuelled Engines

Kumar, Vikram; Ágarwal, Avinash Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8337-4_2

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Methanol demonstrates lower viscosity as compared to gasoline when it comes to the utilization of methanol as an alternative to gasoline in SI engines. This lessened viscosity is due to the unique molecular structure and contrasting physiochemical properties of methanol [63,64]. Methanol, as compared to gasoline, is a smaller molecule and, hence, possesses weaker intermolecular forces as well as lower molecular weight.…”

Section: Kinematic Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Challenges and Prospects of Methanol Utilization, Prediction and Optimization for Sustainable Environment

Usman,

Kashif Jamil,

Hanif

et al. 2023

Methanol Fuel in Transportation Sector and Fuel Cells

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The transportation sector stands at the forefront of global challenges, where its significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution has become an urgent matter demanding immediate attention. For addressing these compelling concerns and leading the automotive industry toward a sustainable future, it is, therefore, imperative to explore the realm of alternative fuel that can effectively mitigate the environmental impact of automobiles. Methanol, a renewable alternative fuel, has gathered quite an attention due to its potential to be used as a wonderful alternative to neat gasoline in spark ignition engines. However, there are some core challenges that must be addressed to utilize methanol on a commercial scale in the transport sector. These core challenges include cold start issues, enhanced NOx emissions, 100% methanol utilization, transportation concerns and lubricant oil deterioration. In this chapter, these challenges along with their potential solutions have been discussed in detail. Moreover, different techniques such as artificial neural network and response surface methodology have been discussed to predict and optimize the usage of methanol in SI engines. The adoption of methanol, as an alternative to gasoline, will help us achieve some important sustainable development goals, thus fulfilling the promise of a sustainable future for the upcoming world.

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Section: Kinematic Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Core Challenges and Prospects of Methanol Utilization, Prediction and Optimization for Sustainable Environment

Usman,

Kashif Jamil,

Hanif

et al. 2023

Methanol Fuel in Transportation Sector and Fuel Cells

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“…On the one hand, soot emissions from alcohol-fuelled engines are lower relative to other fuels; hence, reduced soot loading enhances the lubricating oil life [36]. On the other hand, ethanol is known to cause higher lubricant oxidation than gasoline.…”

Section: Deposit Formation Due To Ethanol Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of hydroxyl groups in ethanol makes both the metallic surfaces and the lubricant prone to oxidation. Kumar and Agarwal [36] have pointed out that partial oxidation of alcohols may generate formic acid, which is very reactive with metals, leading to corrosion and tribocorrosion of engine components. Aiming to investigate this in a ring/cylinder liner system, tribocorrosion tests were conducted on bare and DLC coated stainless steel in ethanol/water solutions [48].…”

Section: Ethanol and Tribo-oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge on Friction, Lubrication, and Wear of Ethanol-Fuelled Engines—A Review

2023

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The urgent need for drastic reduction in emissions due to global warming demands a radical energy transition in transportation. The role of biofuels is fundamental to bridging the current situation towards a clean and sustainable future. In passenger cars, the use of ethanol fuel reduces gas emissions (CO2 and other harmful gases), but can bring tribological challenges to the engine. This review addresses the current state-of-the-art on the effects of ethanol fuel on friction, lubrication, and wear in car engines, and identifies knowledge gaps and trends in lubricants for ethanol-fuelled engines. This review shows that ethanol affects friction and wear in many ways, for example, by reducing lubricant viscosity, which on the one hand can reduce shear losses under full film lubrication, but on the other can increase asperity contact under mixed lubrication. Therefore, ethanol can either reduce or increase engine friction depending on the driving conditions, engine temperature, amount of diluted ethanol in the lubricant, lubricant type, etc. Ethanol increases corrosion and affects tribocorrosion, with significant effects on engine wear. Moreover, ethanol strongly interacts with the lubricant’s additives, affecting friction and wear under boundary lubrication conditions. Regarding the anti-wear additive ZDDP, ethanol leads to thinner tribofilms with modified chemical structure, in particular shorter phosphates and increased amount of iron sulphides and oxides, thereby reducing their anti-wear protection. Tribofilms formed from Mo-DTC friction modifier are affected as well, compromising the formation of low-friction MoS2 tribofilms; however, ethanol is beneficial for the tribological behaviour of organic friction modifiers. Although the oil industry has implemented small changes in oil formulation to ensure the proper operation of ethanol-fuelled engines, there is a lack of research aiming to optimize lubricant formulation to maximize ethanol-fuelled engine performance. The findings of this review should shed light towards improved oil formulation as well as on the selection of materials and surface engineering techniques to mitigate the most pressing problems.

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“…However, fuels that cause high carbon accumulation could cause deterioration of the lubricating oil and increase of wear at long-term applications. 17 Many researchers, residual elements in the lubricating oil could determine by using many methods such as Atomic Absorption Spectrometers (AAS), Rotary Disk Electrode Atomic Emission Spectrometers (RDE/AES), Inductively Coupled Plasma of Optical Emission/Atomic mission Spectrometers (ICP-OES/AES/MS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometers. [18][19][20][21][22] In another study, the variation of metal elements in the lubricating oil depending on the operating hours are investigated by using the ICP/OES method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term endurance analysis of the effects on ring wear and lubrication oil of biofuel used in a DI diesel engine

Temizer

Arı

2022

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this study, the long-term endurance tests were carried out in an engine that was used 100% diesel and 90% diesel −10% bioethanol blend. The lubricating oil and ring wear were investigated in the direct injection diesel engine using two different fuels under partial load and for 110 h. As a result of long-term endurance tests, ash content, density, viscosity, acid number determination, and flash point values of engine lubricating oil were detected. Moreover, the metal residues (Fe, Al, Cu, Pb, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ni) were signs of wear in the lubricating oil were observed. Samples were taken from the lubricating oil at 55 and 110 h and examined by the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer method. Also, tribological and morphological analyses of the replaced piston rings were made for each fuel mixture. The piston rings (first ring, second ring and third ring) had been examined by using the Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. As a result, it was observed that the metal residues in the oil changed over time. Metal residues were showed that after the 55th hour there were more metal residues in the lubricating oil with B10, compared to diesel. While the TAN value of lubricating oil was measured as 3.08 mg KOH/g in the D100 operation, this value was 3.29 mg KOH/g in the B10 operation.

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Friction, Wear, and Lubrication Studies of Alcohol-Fuelled Engines

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Core Challenges and Prospects of Methanol Utilization, Prediction and Optimization for Sustainable Environment

Core Challenges and Prospects of Methanol Utilization, Prediction and Optimization for Sustainable Environment

Current Knowledge on Friction, Lubrication, and Wear of Ethanol-Fuelled Engines—A Review

Long term endurance analysis of the effects on ring wear and lubrication oil of biofuel used in a DI diesel engine

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