Friction Stir Welding/Processing of Mg-Based Alloys: A Critical Review on Advancements and Challenges

Badkoobeh, Farzad; Mostaan, Hossein; Rafiei, Mahdi; Bakhsheshi‐Rad, Hamid Reza; Berto, Filippo

doi:10.3390/ma14216726

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(468 reference statements)

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“…With the expanding and deepening of the lightweight structural materials application field, magnesium alloys have attracted tremendous interest due to its low density and high specific strength [ 1 , 2 ]. However, the applications of complex structural components of magnesium alloy are limited as the welding of magnesium alloy joints is difficult [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on the TIG (A-TIG) Welding of Dissimilar Magnesium Alloys

Qin

Xie

et al. 2022

Materials

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The welding experiments and numerical simulation analysis of dissimilar magnesium alloy AZ61-AM60 were carried out by TIG and A-TIG methods. The mathematical model of welding pool under three-dimensional transient moving heat source has been established, and the temperature field has been numerically simulated. The influence of welding process parameters on the surface forming quality of welded joints has been discussed. The simulation results show that temperature field distribution of dissimilar magnesium alloy AZ61-AM60 during the TIG welding process presents a certain asymmetry and the shape distribution of the melting field on both sides of the molten pool is asymmetrical. When A-TIG welding was coated with activating flux, the surface of the molten pool is ingot-shaped. These simulation results are verified through experiment investigation. The consistency between the experimental results and the simulation results reveals the variation law of temperature field and molten pool shape in the welding process, which provides an effective guidance for the optimization of welding process parameters of dissimilar magnesium alloys.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on the TIG (A-TIG) Welding of Dissimilar Magnesium Alloys

Qin

Xie

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…However, the close hexagonal structure and poor deformation ability restrict the large-scale application of the alloy in the industrial field. Therefore, hot deformation is an important processing method for magnesium alloys [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Although the elevated-temperature forming methods are often applied for Mg-Zn-Y alloys [ 10 ], it has a few noticeable drawbacks, such as lubrication between the workpiece and die, multiple annealing process, and the wastage of die.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Modeling of the Mg-Zn-Y Alloy in an Electrically Assisted Tensile Test

Yang

Fan

et al. 2022

Materials

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The Mg-Zn-Y alloy containing the LPSO phase has excellent mechanical properties and functional application prospects. In an effort to clarify the electrically assisted deformation behavior of the Mg-Zn-Y alloy, electrically assisted tensile tests of Mg98.5Zn0.5Y1 alloy sheets were carried out at different temperatures, current densities, duty ratios, and frequencies. The experimental results showed that, after the pulse current was applied (26.58 A·mm−2), the peak stress of the sample deformed at 200 °C decreased by 8 MPa. The peak stress of the material decreased with the increase in current density. It is noticeable that the changes in duty ratios and frequencies have a small effect on the peak stress and strain. When the current was applied, more recrystallized grains appeared in the alloy and the basal texture was weakened. According to the experimental results, the Arrhenius model was derived based on the Zener–Hollomon parameter. Owing to the appearance of the stacking fault structure (LPSO), the activation energy Q of the Mg98.5Zn0.5Y1 alloy was 389.41 KJ/mol, which is higher than conventional Mg alloys. Moreover, the constitutive equation of the electro plastic effect coupled with temperature and pulse current parameters was established by introducing electrically assisted characteristics. By comparing the experimental and predicted values, the established model can effectively predict the variation trend of flow stress under electrically assisted deformation. Moreover, the constitutive model was incorporated into the UHARD subroutine of ABAQUS software to study the deformation behavior of the Mg98.5Zn0.5Y1 alloy.

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“…The occurred friction-based heat between tool and workpiece increases the deformability of the material. Severe plastic deformation (also named stirring) comes true in the processed zone of the material through the traveling of the rotating tool along a specific path in the surface of the workpiece [23][24][25]. Thereby, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the locally processed zone of material is enhanced via dynamic recrystallization (DRX) [26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Post-Weld Modification of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of GTAWed Aluminum Butt Joints Through FSP and T6 Heat Treatment

2022

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Fusion welding is a commonly applied manufacturing process in all fields of industry. Some imperfections (formation of coarse-grained microstructure, decrease in mechanical property, etc.) can occur especially in the fusion welding-based fabrication of aluminum alloys which have specific features, such as having high thermal conductivity, expansion coefficient, high hydrogen solubility in the liquid state, and oxide layer on the surface. Therefore, the enhancement of microstructure and mechanical properties in terms of the lifespan and strength of the fusion-welded joints is crucial for most applications. In the study, the effects of friction stir processing (FSP) and T6 heat treatment, applied as post-weld processing, on the weld zone properties of the gas tungsten arc welded (GTAWed) AA6082 plates were investigated. The effects of the post-weld processings (FSP and T6 heat treatment) on mechanical and microstructural features were analyzed via microstructural examination and microhardness measurements and tensile strength testing. It was observed that the dendritic microstructure in the processed region (stir zone) of the weld bead was destroyed and fine-grained microstructure was formed via FSP. Additionally, the findings showed that heat input occurred during FSP led to broaden of heat affected zone (HAZ) and decrease the hardness in a wider region. It was also determined that the mechanical characteristics of the GTAWed joint were increased but in contrast, the toughness was decreased through T6 post-weld heat treatment.

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Friction Stir Welding/Processing of Mg-Based Alloys: A Critical Review on Advancements and Challenges

Cited by 33 publications

References 167 publications

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on the TIG (A-TIG) Welding of Dissimilar Magnesium Alloys

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on the TIG (A-TIG) Welding of Dissimilar Magnesium Alloys

Mechanical Behavior and Constitutive Modeling of the Mg-Zn-Y Alloy in an Electrically Assisted Tensile Test

A Survey on Post-Weld Modification of Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of GTAWed Aluminum Butt Joints Through FSP and T6 Heat Treatment

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