Friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: Friction tool, microstructure, and mechanical properties

Li, Junping; Shen, Yifu; Hou, Wentao; Qi, Yi

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.08.025

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…18,19 With a closer look at the data in Table 7, it can be seen that the maximum HRB values are found at point 2, while the lowest hardness values are found at point 1. 20 The dwell time of 6 s was kept at Point 1, and the tool is rotating at the required speed without advancing to the next point. As a result of the increased frictional forces generated by the friction stir welding process, more heat will be generated at Point 2 as compared to Point 1 at the end of the process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the effect of process parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of AA8011 similar FSW weld joints

Chakravarthi¹,

Giridharan²,

Stalin

et al. 2022

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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Friction stir welding (FSW) factors significantly impact the welding characteristics of AA 8011 and similar alloys weld joints produced by FSW. The tool pin profiles influence joint characteristics, weld quality, and joint strength. This study used three tool pin profiles to create weld connections at three different tool rotation rates and various welding speeds. Design of experiments (DOE) was utilized to execute complete full factorial experiments. The welded joints’ mechanical characteristics were examined using hardness and tensile tests at room temperature. The average maximum hardness number was 38.28 HRB with the tapered tool at 1300 rpm spindle speed and welding speed of 20 mm/min at 5 kN unvarying axial force of the whole operation. The lowest hardness value was 30 HRB using a taper threaded pin profile tool, rotating at 1200 rpm and welding at 60 mm/min. When the taper pin profile tool was used at 1500 rpm, the highest tensile strength of the weld joint was achieved, which was the closest value of the parent material. At the same welding speed of 20 mm/min, the taper threaded pin tool at 1300 rpm produces the lowest tensile strength of 84.16 MPa, made utilizing a taper threaded pin tool.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the effect of process parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of AA8011 similar FSW weld joints

Chakravarthi¹,

Giridharan²,

Stalin

et al. 2022

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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show abstract

“…e primary contributing factor was found to be the formation of lamellar structures. During the operation, however, the hardness of the stir zone decreased due to grain coarsening and dynamic recrystallization [23].…”

Section: Macro-and Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviors of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar AA6082‐AA7075 Joints

Sezhian¹,

Giridharan²,

Pushpanathan³

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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In this research, microstructural events and mechanical behaviors in dissimilar friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminium (Al) alloy AA6082-AA7075 joints have been evaluated to apply aerospace, defense, and military sectors. FSW parametric effects have a more significant impact on the mechanical performances and microstructure of produced joints. FSW tool rotational speed, welding speed, and tool plunge speed were chosen to make the weld joints. The rotational tool speeds of 1600 rpm and 2300 rpm, welding speeds of 40 mm/min and 60 mm/min, and tool plunge speeds of 20 mm/min and 30 mm/min were set as the upper and lower limits. A constant axial force of 5 kN was maintained throughout the joint fabrication process. A taper pin-profiled tool was utilized to produce the butt welded joints. Mechanical properties of microhardness, tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and bending strength of the joints were analyzed. The response of the stir zone microstructure to processing parameters was evaluated using optical microscopy (OM) and fractographic analysis of a tensile specimen shown by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The weld joints produced at 2300 rpm, tool traveling rate of 40 mm/min, and tool plunge speed of 30 mm/min showed the greatest tensile strength of the 191 MPa hardness of 145 Hv at the weld center and also the maximum bending strength of 114.23 N/mm2 was achieved. The lowest bending strength of 25.38 N/mm2 was obtained at 1600 rpm with 60 mm/min due to inappropriate mixing of the base metals and poor joint quality. Furthermore, this study revealed that a higher tool plunge speed facilitates the formation of equiaxed grains in the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) on the advancing side (AS). Additionally, the increment in tool rotational speed significantly improved the tensile strength, weld joint quality, and joint efficiency.

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“…First of all, the low heat conductivity of titanium alloys results in high temperature gradients in a stir zone, thus limiting the alloy weldability [ 21 , 25 ]. Second, there is a need for heat- and wear-resistant FSP tool material that is capable of maintaining the efficiency of FSP on titanium alloys [ 21 , 26 ], which is characterized by high strain, high temperatures, and high strain rates. One of the candidates may be using a heat-resistant superalloy that allowed obtaining a FSPed stir zone despite its severe wear when processing on titanium alloy [ 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Intermetallics-Reinforced Composite Prepared Using Multi-Pass Friction Stir Processing of Copper Powder on a Ti6Al4V Alloy

et al. 2022

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Multi-pass friction stir processing (FSP) was used to obtain a titanium alloy/copper hybrid composite layer by intermixing copper powder with a Ti6Al4V alloy. A macrostructurally inhomogeneous stir zone was obtained with both its top and middle parts composed of fine dynamically recrystallized α- and b-Ti grains, as well as coarse intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of Ti2Cu and TiCu2, respectively. Some b grains experienced β → α a decomposition with the formation of acicular α-Ti microstructures either inside the former b-Ti grains or at their grain boundaries. Both types of β → α a decomposition were especially clearly manifested in the vicinity of the Ti2Cu grains, i.e., in the copper-lean regions. The middle part of the stir zone additionally contained large dislocation-free b-Ti grains that resulted from static recrystallization. Spinodal decomposition, as well as solid-state amorphization of copper-rich b-Ti grains, were discovered. The FSPed stir zone possessed hardness that was enhanced by 25% as compared to that of the base metal, as well as higher strength, ductility, and wear resistance than those obtained using four-pass FSPed Ti6Al4V.

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Friction stir welding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy: Friction tool, microstructure, and mechanical properties

Cited by 36 publications

References 32 publications

Investigation on the effect of process parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of AA8011 similar FSW weld joints

Investigation on the effect of process parameters on mechanical and microstructural properties of AA8011 similar FSW weld joints

Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviors of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar AA6082‐AA7075 Joints

In Situ Intermetallics-Reinforced Composite Prepared Using Multi-Pass Friction Stir Processing of Copper Powder on a Ti6Al4V Alloy

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