Friction stir process: a green fabrication technique for surface composites—a review paper

Gupta, Manoj

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2330-2

Cited by 40 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…It is shown that FSP process parameters, such as rotational speed, transverse feed, number of passes, tool penetration depth, pin profiles and reinforcement volume fraction significantly influence the FSP process and play a vital role in the characteristic and mechanical properties of the fabricated composite. 17,23,[45][46][47][48] Many studies used threaded and square pin profiles, 47,49-51 800-1600 rpm for tool rotation speed, 27,50,52-54 40-160 mm/min for transverse feed. 27,[52][53][54][55] Table 3 shows the control parameters selected, and their corresponding levels for developing surface composite to achieve high UTS and minimum grain size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of friction stir processing parameters on producing AA6061/ tungsten carbide nanocomposite

Zoalfakar

Mohamed

Hamid

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Friction stir processing (FSP) is a modern manufacturing strategy for improving the surface characteristics of materials by modifying their surface via localized plastic deformation. This research focuses on optimization process parameters for tungsten carbide-reinforced 6061 aluminum alloy surface composite using FSP. The effect of the process parameters including tool rotational speed, transverse feed, number of passes, and tungsten carbide particles volume fractions, on ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and grain size of fabricated AA6061/WC surface nanocomposites are investigated. For four factors and three levels, the L27 Taguchi technique is used to formulate the experimental design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to determine the significance and the percentage contribution of each parameter. The desirability approach is used to optimize the process parameters in terms of tensile strength and average grain size. The results indicate that the proper selection of FSP parameters results in a homogeneous distribution of the WC particles throughout the matrix thereby producing a defect-free AA6061/WC nanocomposite without voids. Also, the severe plastic deformation and heat generation during FSP causes the breaking of coarse particles, WC particles, elimination of porous holes and creates an ultrafine grain-sized structure via dynamic recrystallization. Furthermore, it was concluded that the transverse feed is the most significant factor for ultimate tensile strength with 40.1% contribution whereas the number of passes is the most significant factor for grain size with a 34.7% contribution. The optimum combination of the current process parameters is found to be 1800 rpm rotation speed, 120 mm/min transverse feed, 4.3636% volume fraction, and 3- pass for optimum values of UTS and grain size. The surface composite developed in this work is considered appropriate material for applications requiring lightweight and improved surface properties, such as aerospace, automotive, marine, defense and transportation industries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of friction stir processing parameters on producing AA6061/ tungsten carbide nanocomposite

Zoalfakar

Mohamed

Hamid

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…Type of reinforcement and processing parameters of FSP mostly influence the mechanical behaviour of the surface composite. Threaded pin profile of the FSP tool produced uniform distribution of reinforcement particles [17,18]. The microhardness of the surface composite 5A06Al/SiC was enhanced by 10% through the FSP technique [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of Volume Percentage of Reinforcement on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al6061-T6/SiC Surface Composite Fabricated Through Friction Stir Processing

Ansari¹,

Anas²

2023

Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J.

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In this research, aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) have been manufactured through friction stir processing (FSP) by reinforcing micro sized SiC particles in an Al6061-T6 alloy. The consequences of the volume percentage of reinforced SiC particles on mechanical properties and microstructural features were analyzed for the developed AMMCs. Microstructural evaluation of a cross-section of a friction stir processed (FSPed) sample has been conducted through Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) technique. Microhardness tests were conducted athwart the cross section of FSPed specimen to obtain microhardness feature. A tensile test of FSPed samples has been conducted on a universal testing machine (UTM). Homogeneous distributions of SiC particles were found in the stir zone without any consolidation of particles. The size of the reinforcement particles was decreased slightly by increasing the volume fraction. It has been found that increasing the volume fraction of SiC particles, enhance the tensile strength and microhardness, but decreases the ductility of the aluminium. The maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and microhardness were obtained as 390 MPa and 150.71 HV, respectively, at 12% volume percentage of reinforcement particles. UTS and microhardness of the FSPed Al/SiC have been improved by 38.29% and 59.48% respectively as compared to Al6061-T6. The brittle nature of the FSPed Al/SiC has increased due to a rise in the volume fraction of micro sized SiC particles, which causes a decrease in ductility.

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“…Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process that uses a non-consumable tool to join two facing workpieces without melting the workpiece material 1 – 3 . The heat is generated by friction between the rotating tool and the workpiece material, which leads to a softened region near the FSW tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adhesive assisted TiB2 coating effects on friction stir welded joints

Kundu

Gupta

Rajput

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Friction stir welding is a novel technique for joining ferrous and non-ferrous materials in a solid state. The groove fill techniques are most popular and generally used by researchers to dope reinforcement in the FSWed zone to improve the properties of joints. The main drawback of this technique is that a few amounts of reinforcement material come out from the groove during the fabrication of the joint. In the present work, the adhesive-assisted reinforcement technique was used to overcome this problem for the fabrication of particulates reinforced friction stirred weld joint. In the present work, the aluminum alloy plate edges were coated with a thin layer of TiB2. The coated and non-coated edge plates were joined using friction stir welding at the rotational speed of 1400 and 2240 rpm, and welding speed of 32 mm/min using a taper threaded pin tool. The tensile strength of coated edge plate welded joints was found highest in comparison to non-coated joints which was 39.74% superior. The percentage elongation of coated edge joint was observed about 1.5 times lower than the non-coated edge plate joint. The flexure strength of TiB2 reinforced coated edge joint was found about 1.5 times higher. However, the impact strength of coated edge plate was found nearly three times lower than the uncoated edge joints. The TiB2 coated edge joints reveal 22.75% higher hardness than the non-coated edge plate joints welded at the rotational speed of 2240.

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Friction stir process: a green fabrication technique for surface composites—a review paper

Cited by 40 publications

References 70 publications

Effect of friction stir processing parameters on producing AA6061/ tungsten carbide nanocomposite

Effect of friction stir processing parameters on producing AA6061/ tungsten carbide nanocomposite

Effect of Volume Percentage of Reinforcement on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Al6061-T6/SiC Surface Composite Fabricated Through Friction Stir Processing

Adhesive assisted TiB2 coating effects on friction stir welded joints

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