“…It could be due to the addition of lime that increased the fine content of the mixes and thereby reduced the consistency. Similar observations were reported previously by Haach et al [9] and Bauer et al [35].…”
The proper selection and execution of mortar are imperative processes in the masonry construction. While there are different mortar designations available in standards; except their compressive strengths, the detail characteristics are seldom stated. The standards mainly outline mortar mix in volume proportion without any specification on consistency limits and water to cement ratio (w/c). This leads to inconsistency in mortar mix preparation and properties in real practice. Thus an extensive experimental investigation was carried out to identify suitable consistency and w/c limits of five commonly used masonry mortars to detail the mortar mix specification. The research was divided into three phases. The properties of mortar constitutive materials were characterised in the first phase of the research. In the second phase, the fresh properties such as bulk density, air content, and consistency were measured for those mortars with possible two different w/c ratios. Then dry density, water absorption, sorptivity, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength and shrinkage were determined for hardened mortars. Further the mortars were casted in non-absorbent and absorbent moulds to compare the influence of casting conditions on the hardened properties. Thereafter the third phase of experimental testing was carried out to determine the suitable consistency and w/c ratio thresholds for those masonry mortars. Finally from the results, detail specification of those masonry mortars in terms of w/c, consistency and target compressive strength is recommended.
“…It could be due to the addition of lime that increased the fine content of the mixes and thereby reduced the consistency. Similar observations were reported previously by Haach et al [9] and Bauer et al [35].…”
The proper selection and execution of mortar are imperative processes in the masonry construction. While there are different mortar designations available in standards; except their compressive strengths, the detail characteristics are seldom stated. The standards mainly outline mortar mix in volume proportion without any specification on consistency limits and water to cement ratio (w/c). This leads to inconsistency in mortar mix preparation and properties in real practice. Thus an extensive experimental investigation was carried out to identify suitable consistency and w/c limits of five commonly used masonry mortars to detail the mortar mix specification. The research was divided into three phases. The properties of mortar constitutive materials were characterised in the first phase of the research. In the second phase, the fresh properties such as bulk density, air content, and consistency were measured for those mortars with possible two different w/c ratios. Then dry density, water absorption, sorptivity, porosity, compressive strength, flexural strength and shrinkage were determined for hardened mortars. Further the mortars were casted in non-absorbent and absorbent moulds to compare the influence of casting conditions on the hardened properties. Thereafter the third phase of experimental testing was carried out to determine the suitable consistency and w/c ratio thresholds for those masonry mortars. Finally from the results, detail specification of those masonry mortars in terms of w/c, consistency and target compressive strength is recommended.
“…Increasing the aggregate content increases the friction angle [101,102]. Furthermore, based on the conclusions of [103], it was assumed that the internal friction angle remains constant, while cement hydration increases the cohesion.…”
In this study, a continuum poromechanics approach is presented to model the plastic shrinkage cracking of fresh cementitious materials. The boundary conditions are according to the modified ASTM C1579-13 standard for mortars. The restrained deformations are linked to the restraint stresses according to the Cauchy-Navier equations of elasticity, assuming an incremental stressstrain relationship. The Bresler-Pister and Rankine failure criteria are utilized to model failure. The material parameters are adapted according to the Drucker-Prager and Griffith criteria. The crack initiation and propagation is verified experimentally by X-ray radiography. Eventually, the cracking mechanism is discussed and a safe capillary pressure limit is proposed. It is found that capillary pressure stiffening occurring before air entry, when deformations take place in the saturated state, is the predominant cause of plastic shrinkage cracking in the drying state.
“…As argamassas são geralmente compostas por aglomerantes, agregados e água, em proporções que variam de acordo com o uso (Farinha et al, 2021a). A incorporação de adições, aditivos e novos materiais alteram as propriedades das argamassas, mas os parâmetros de proporcionamento devem ser claramente definidos para atingir propriedades essenciais para o funcionamento da mistura, como a aderência e a trabalhabilidade (Bauer et al, 2015;Farinha et al, 2021a).…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…As argamassas de revestimento têm requisitos que garantem sua funcionalidade, como propriedades adequadas de trabalhabilidade, de aderência ao substrato, de resistência a penetração de água e a fissuração, além de apresentar boa aparência estética (Farinha et al, 2021b). Bauer et al (2015) afirmam que o comportamento e as propriedades das argamassas de revestimento no estado fresco são diretamente influenciados pela quantidade de água e pela granulometria e formato das partículas empregadas na mistura. Miyake e Matsushita (2007) declaram que a consistência é controlada principalmente pelo filme aquoso formado em torno dos materiais sólidos da argamassa, como o cimento e os agregados miúdos.…”
A trabalhabilidade de argamassas de revestimento está diretamente ligada à qualidade da aplicação e pela aderência ao substrato, sendo a principal propriedade a ser considerada em estado fresco. Os equipamentos de laboratório são bens dispendiosos, e que muitas vezes não cabem no orçamento das universidades. Propõe-se avaliar um método alternativo para determinação de índices de consistência em argamassas de revestimento, visando ampliar o acesso ao desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Foram produzidos dois traços de argamassas de revestimento, o de 1:1:6 (A-T1) e o de 1:2:9 (A-T2), e comparados com uma argamassa industrializada (A-IND). Desenvolvido e calibrado, o equipamento adaptado foi utilizado nos ensaios de consistência e as relações água/aglomerantes foram definidas. Então, foram moldados corpos de prova cilíndricos para avaliação da resistência à compressão. Os dados do ensaio mecânico foram usados na análise de variância e no teste de médias de Tukey. Utilizando espalhamentos de 260 ± 5 mm, a resistência à compressão não apresentou diferença significativa entre a argamassa industrializada e a A-T1, parâmetro que ratifica a aplicabilidade do método.
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