Friction and wear studies of magnetic thin-film rigid disks with glass-ceramic, glass and aluminum-magnesium substrates

Bhushan, Bharat; Yang, Lisheng; Gao, Chao; Suri, Satyarth; Miller, R. A.; Marchon, B.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(95)06611-x

Cited by 41 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…A barely visible track can be observed during burnishing, while overcoat wear produces a track clearly brighter than its surroundings. Finally, penetration to subsurface layers produces large dark streaks in the disk, thus decreasing the reflectance (17,18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ instrumentation for localized wear studies of magnetic thin-film disks

Bhushan

Forehand

1997

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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An experimental set-up and a procedure to make in situ localized measurements of various wear processes on magnetic thin-film disks are developed. The coefficient of friction, acoustic emission and optical reflectance are monitored simultaneously. Results are analysed to determine`precursors to failure' and to compare the effects of lubricant, surface roughness, overcoat and normal load on disk wear. Disk wear is observed to follow a pattern of lubricant depletion followed by head slider±overcoat asperity contact. Wear tracks are formed after asperity contact. Lubricant extends disk wear life, as does a polished surface texture, and an SiO 2 overcoat wears more slowly than a diamond-like carbon overcoat. The experimental methodology developed in this study should be of interest in studying precursors to failure of any moving interface.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ instrumentation for localized wear studies of magnetic thin-film disks

Bhushan

Forehand

1997

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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“…157 There are mainly two types of methods for the measurement of roughness: diffraction of electromagnetic radiation or particle beams and optical or mechanical profilers. An overview of the methods and some recommendations according suitable methods for different surfaces were given by Bennett and Mattson 144,154 and Rothe et al 156 Guenther et al 158 and Bhushan et al 155,159,160 compared optical and mechanical profilometry with different types of scanning force microscopes.…”

Section: Determination Of Roughnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Special glass or glass ceramic disks are suggested instead of the metal alloy because of their smoother surface and higher temperature and shape stability. 159 They can be manufactured with higher data density and lower thickness. Especially for small, hard disks and portable computers, glass disks are already used.…”

Section: Friction and Wear Of Magnetic Storage Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bhushan et al compared the friction and wear of commercial hard disks of Al Mg and glass and of laboratory glass ceramics and established parameters for a convenient determination of roughness. 159,160 As the distance between the hard disk and recording head is to be reduced from >50 nm to <25 nm, each single high protrusion is detrimental. Therefore, the highest z elongation is important in addition to RMS and correlation length.…”

Section: Friction and Wear Of Magnetic Storage Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microscopy of Coatings

Rädlein¹

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Fundamental research on films and the development and optimization of coatings are not possible without high‐resolution imaging. This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of the newly introduced scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in comparison with well‐established microscopy techniques with light and particles [e.g. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)], which are limited by the diffraction limit, i.e. 200 nm for conventional light microscopy and 4 nm for SEM. This limit does not hold for SPM, which uses near‐field interactions for imaging. Thus, even simple atoms or molecules can be resolved on well‐ordered structures by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both possess an extremely good height sensitivity of 0.02 nm. 1 In the constant‐height operation mode, AFM can detect vertical forces as low as 10 −15 –10 −4 N. Atomic resolution is not always possible or not always necessary for many practical applications; a lateral resolution of a few nanometers is sufficient. Besides the capability of achieving this value with ease, simple sample preparation, versatile environmental conditions and observation of reactions in situ are advantages of STM and AFM. Especially AFM has proved to be a useful technique for investigating coatings, because it is independent of conductivity and provides topographic data together with information on structure, local variations of mechanical properties and surface alterations in different media. However, some artifacts and restrictions have to be considered which can differ considerably from customary electron micrographs with comparable resolutions, such as onset overswing and tip convolution. Microscopy helps in solving coating problems according to substrate quality, nucleation, wettability, thickness, roughness, microstructure, crystal phases (texture, orientation), lateral and vertical homogeneity, density, porosity, interfaces, adhesion, hardness, stress, scratch and abrasion resistance, tribology, wear and corrosion. Practical examples of microscopy results on these questions are presented together with suitable preparation methods and interpretation of artifacts.

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“…Glass-ceramic substrates are beginning to be used in the construction of magnetic thin-film rigid disks for their rigidity, shock (dent) resistance, and smoothness over commonly used Ni-P coated aluminum-magnesium substrates [1]. Using glass-ceramic rigid substrates, the recording density and access speed of hard disks can be improved [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of brittle-ductile transition of a glass-ceramic rigid substrate

Sun

Zuo

Wang

et al. 2011

Int J Miner Metall Mater

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The hardness, elastic modulus, and scratch resistance of a glass-ceramic rigid substrate were measured by nanoindentation and nanoscratch, and the fracture toughness was measured by indentation using a Vickers indenter. The results show that the hardness and elastic modulus at a peak indentation depth of 200 nm are 9.04 and 94.70 GPa, respectively. These values reflect the properties of the glass-ceramic rigid substrate. The fracture toughness value of the glass-ceramic rigid substrate is 2.63 MPa·m 1/2 . The material removal mechanisms are seen to be directly related to normal force on the tip. The critical load and scratch depth estimated from the scratch depth profile after scratching and the friction profile are 268.60 mN and 335.10 nm, respectively. If the load and scratch depth are under the critical values, the glass-ceramic rigid substrate will undergo plastic flow rather than fracture. The formula of critical depth of cut described by Bifnao et al. is modified based on the difference of critical scratch depth

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Friction and wear studies of magnetic thin-film rigid disks with glass-ceramic, glass and aluminum-magnesium substrates

Cited by 41 publications

References 16 publications

In situ instrumentation for localized wear studies of magnetic thin-film disks

In situ instrumentation for localized wear studies of magnetic thin-film disks

Microscopy of Coatings

Mechanism of brittle-ductile transition of a glass-ceramic rigid substrate

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