Friction and wear properties of titanium and oxidised titanium in dry sliding against hardened C45 steel

Król, S.; Ptáček, L.; Zalisz, Z.; Hepner, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.09.057

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There are many examples to confirm Gardos' hypothesis. The oxidized layer of titanium formed by tribooxidation or prior TO-treatment (thermal oxidation treatment) exhibited superior tribologial properties in terms of reduced friction coefficient and increased wear resistance [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Woydt et al [24] found double oxides NiTiO 3 formed by tribological oxidation during 400 and 800°C were tribological effective under dry friction to reduce wear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Behavior of Ti3SiC2 Sliding Against Ni-based Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

Ren

Yang

2008

Tribol Lett

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The dry sliding behaviors of titanium silicon carbide (Ti 3 SiC 2 ) against Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Ti alloys from ambient temperature up to 600°C were investigated. The tribological performance of Ti 3 SiC 2 depends largely on counterface materials. Fracture and pullout of Ti 3 SiC 2 grains followed by mechanical mix led to poor tribological property for Ti 3 SiC 2 /Ni-Cr alloy tribo-pair. However, for Ti 3 SiC 2 /Ni-Cr-Ti alloy tribo-pair, the oxides film of Ti on Ni-Cr-Ti alloy was effective to reduce friction coefficient and enhance wear resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Behavior of Ti3SiC2 Sliding Against Ni-based Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

Ren

Yang

2008

Tribol Lett

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“…titanium or Ti-6%Al-4%V alloys surface-hardened by this method was evaluated. [10][11][12][13] Thermal oxidation for surface hardening adopted in these studies was mostly conducted at 1 173 K, which accompanied with marked oxidation. To solve this problem, Dong et al developed the oxygen boost diffusion process for the deepcase hardening of titanium alloys, where the oxide layer formed during thermal oxidation was utilized for deeper hardening by conducting the post heat treatment under vacuum.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Sliding Wear Resistant Property Of Cp Titanimentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Sliding Wear Resistant Property of C.P. Titanium and SP-700 Titanium Alloy Surface-hardened by Ar–5%CO Gas

et al. 2008

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Sliding wear resistant properties of C.P. titanium and SP-700 alloy surface-hardened by Ar-5%CO gas were evaluated using a counterpart material of a bearing steel, JIS SUJ-2 steel and Nishihara type of sliding wear testing machine. In the latter, two disk specimens were rotated at different rotating speeds under a given compressive applied load, yielding a sliding ratio of 20 %. Wear tests were repeated intermittently for several times, and a respective test time period in each series of wear tests was primarily varied. The mass loss in both disks was measured after each test. Wear resistance of annealed C.P. titanium without surface hardening was inferior to that of annealed SUJ-2 steel, but surface hardened C.P. titanium resulted in superior wear resistance over quench-tempered SUJ-2 steel with a hardness of 720 in Hv. Observation results of worn surfaces in both disks indicate that preferential wear occurred in the convex region of a furrow-like pattern formed by a lathe machining, resulting in a reduction of surface roughness values with wear progress. When a respective test time period was extended to 21.6 ks, adhesive wear took place between worn surfaces in both specimens, and the mass loss ratio in titanium disk increased at a much higher rate compared with that of a respective test time period of less than 14.4 ks. The steel debris torn off from worn surface of SUJ-2 steel disk was observed to adhere to the worn surface in surface hardened C.P. titanium disk. Wear resistant property of surface hardened SP-700 alloy was also superior to quench-tempered SUJ-2 steel.KEY WORDS: surface hardening; sliding wear resistance; C.P. titanium; SP-700 alloy; SUJ-2 steel; worn surface; adhesive wear; surface roughness. © 2008 ISIJimproved by the increase of hardness in base alloys or in the surface layer of metals or alloys. The former is basically performed by combination of alloy designing and heat treatment, but it is not always useful in titanium materials because the attainable maximum hardness in titanium alloys is very limited compared with steels. The latter is achieved by application of various surface engineering technologies, which have been mostly studied in titanium materials. In fact, various surface engineering technologies such as anodizing, shot peening, nickel or hard chromium plating, various diffusion treatments or plasma spray have been investigated for improvement of wear resistance of titanium or its alloys. 3,8,9) Among them, surface hardening using oxygen gas, which is a diffusion treatment, has been most widely studied in titanium materials, and the wear resistant property of C.P. titanium or Ti-6%Al-4%V alloys surface-hardened by this method was evaluated.10-13) Thermal oxidation for surface hardening adopted in these studies was mostly conducted at 1 173 K, which accompanied with marked oxidation. To solve this problem, Dong et al. developed the oxygen boost diffusion process for the deepcase hardening of titanium alloys, where the oxide layer formed during thermal oxidation was utilized f...

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“…Wieloletnie doświadczenia związane z utlenianiem klasycznych stopów tytanu [24][25][26], a także stopów tytanu na osnowie faz międzymetalicznych [10][11][12][27][28] sugerują, że o szybkości ich utleniania współdecydują procesy zachodzące w metalicznym podłożu. Proces utleniania stopów Ti-Al-X na osnowie fazy międzymetalicznej γ-TiAl przebiega w wyniku odrdzeniowej dyfuzji jonów tytanu, aluminium i pierwiastków stopowych oraz dordzeniowej dyfuzji tlenu i azotu (rys.1).…”

Section: Przemiany I Procesy Wydzieleniowe W Metalicznym Podłożu Utleunclassified

Wysokotemperaturowe Utlenianie Stopów Na Osnowie Fazy Gamma-TiAl: Procesy w Metalicznym Podłożu

Król¹

2008

Advances in Materials Sciences

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STRESZCZENIEW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań struktury i składu wybranych stopów na osnowie fazy gamma TiAl. Badano mikroobszary zbliżone do granicy fazowej produkt utleniania -metaliczne podłoże. Utlenianie zarówno o przebiegu izotermicznym, jak i cyklicznym wykonano w atmosferze powietrza. Wykazano, że pierwiastki stopowe aktywnie wpływające w trakcie utleniania na skład chemiczny, fazowy oraz budowę metalicznego podłoża wywierają decydujący wpływ na żaroodporność badanych stopów. Szczególne miejsce ma niob, bowiem koncentrując się w podłożu w pobliżu granicy fazowej ogranicza możliwość tworzenia się roztworu stałego α-Ti(Al, N, O), a jako pierwiastek betatwórczy w stosunku do tytanu promuje tworzenie fazy β-Ti(Al, N, O), o małej rozpuszczalności azotu i tlenu. Ogranicza to proces dordzeniowej dyfuzji pierwiastków międzywęzłowych, co spowalnia wzrost produktów utleniania. Słowa kluczowe: intermetaliki, wysokotemperaturowe utlenianie, dyfuzja WPROWADZENIEW odróżnieniu od większości metali tytan charakteryzuje się tym, że zarówno jego niskotemperaturowa odmiana α-Ti, jak i odmiana wysokotemperaturowa β-Ti tworzą z azotem lub/i tlenem roztwory stałe graniczne [1]. W obu przypadkach wzrost koncentracji pierwiastków międzywęzłowych w roztworze stałym podwyższa temperaturę przemiany α-Ti→ β-Ti, co oznacza rozszerzenie zakresu istnienia fazy α-Ti. Graniczna maksymalna rozpuszczalność tlenu w α-Ti wynosi ok. 34% at tlenu, a azotu ok. 23% at. W fazie β rozpuszczalność graniczna tlenu i azotu są znacznie mniejsze i np. w 1000 o C wynoszą odpowiednio ok. 4% oraz ok. 2%. W stopach Ti-Al aluminium w roztworze stałym α-Ti wykazuje rosnącą rozpuszczalność ze wzrostem temperatury osiągając poziom ok. 20% Al w 1000 o C [2][3][4][5]. Przy wyższej zawartości aluminium tworzą się fazy międzymetaliczne α 2 -Ti 3 Al oraz γ-TiAl. Azot w fazie międzymetalicznej γ-TiAl nie rozpuszcza się, natomiast jego rozpuszczalność w fazie α 2 -Ti 3 Al może być wyższa od 350000 at ppm [6][7][8]. W fazie γ-TiAl w znikomym stopniu rozpuszcza się tlen [7][8][9], natomiast w fazie α 2 -Ti 3 Al rozpuszczalność ta jest znacząco wyższa.

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Friction and wear properties of titanium and oxidised titanium in dry sliding against hardened C45 steel

Cited by 23 publications

References 5 publications

Tribological Behavior of Ti3SiC2 Sliding Against Ni-based Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

Tribological Behavior of Ti3SiC2 Sliding Against Ni-based Alloys at Elevated Temperatures

Evaluation of Sliding Wear Resistant Property of C.P. Titanium and SP-700 Titanium Alloy Surface-hardened by Ar–5%CO Gas

Wysokotemperaturowe Utlenianie Stopów Na Osnowie Fazy Gamma-TiAl: Procesy w Metalicznym Podłożu

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