“…As energy donors or acceptors, QDs have several advantageous characteristics enumerated in previous reviews of this subject, − including the following: spectrally narrow, continuously tunable emission, which allows for optimization of the spectral overlap of donor and acceptor; broad absorption spectra, which provide flexibility in choice of excitation wavelength for donors, and make QDs easily utilized as acceptors; and resistance to photobleaching. The relatively large two-photon cross sections (10–10000 GM − ) and the ability to mediate nonlinear processes such as multiple exciton generation and Auger recombination make QDs potentially useful as chromophores for upconversion and downconversion of photons. ,,− Reported EnT partners for QDs include other QDs and molecules, such as organic dyes, − J-aggregates of organic dyes, , metal coordination complexes, ,− conjugated polymers, − carbon nanomaterials, , quantum wells, − metal ions, − and metal nanoparticles. − …”